During the first Russian Revolution, "millions of cheap publications on political subjects were read by the people, the masses, the crowd, and the 'lower classes' as greedily as they had never read in Russia before. "1 According to the calculations of the well-known book critic and bibliographer N. A. Rubakin, 10-11 thousand titles of political and economic literature alone were published during the revolution, with a total circulation of 220 million copies .2When the tsar signed the manifesto on "granting" civil liberties on October 17, 1905, the Bolshevik party moved from underground to semi-legal activities. In workers ' clubs, libraries, and people's homes, reports were organized and conversations were held explaining the actions of tsarism and the bourgeoisie. And if before the autumn of 1905 revolutionary and political literature was published and distributed in the country only illegally, now books and pamphlets of a political nature appeared not only in the major centers, but also locally. However, the censorship, as before, adhered to the principle of not allowing those works that dealt with the labor movement in Russia to be published. Hence the large number of publications of political content in translations and alterations from foreign languages. Sometimes they "slipped" into the press and publications that contradicted the censorship guidelines. Such is the pamphlet published in 1907 by V. Zhandr-Nikitina, entitled "Revolutionary Russia" .3Very little is known about V. N. Zhandr-Nikitina. She came from a russified family of French nobles who emigrated to Russia in the XVII century. She was born in 1842 in Kronstadt, then her parents lived in St. Petersburg, and then in Kiev. Varvara Nikolaevna's father was the director of an earthenware factory, and her mother was an educated woman who managed to pass on to her daughter her passion for serious reading. V. N. Zhandr was in fragile health, but she was a capable, purposeful person who longed for thorough ... Read more