China Digital Library, repository and archive (PLATFORM FOR AUTHORS №1)
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ELIBRARY.ORG.CN sends data about all posted publications to partner libraries around the world (open the interactive map), social networks and search engines.

ELIBRARY.ORG.CN protects your copyrights, helps you find partners and investors, increases your scholarly citation index, and gives you access to your copyrighted heritage.

Preserving the past, collecting the present, and helping to build the future \ ELIBRARY.ORG.CN

ELIBRARY.ORG.CN is a digital library, repository and archive for the preservation of scientific and literary works of Czech and foreign authors. The project works on the principles of free participation: everyone can register and save their scientific or literary works. Read and publish with ELIBRARY.ORG.CN!

PLATFORM'S TARGET AUDIENCE: Scientists · Teachers · Students · Writers · Researchers · Archivists · Publishers · Famous figures
NEW ARRIVALS TO THE LIBRARY (TEXTS, FILES, MULTIMEDIA)
 
Roman law is not just a collection of ancient civilization's laws. It is the foundation upon which the entire continental (Roman-German) legal system is built, operating in most European, Latin American, as well as Russian and many other states. Even the A…
19 hours ago
罗马法不仅仅是古代文明的法典。它是整个大陆(罗马-日耳曼)法律体系的基础,该体系在大多数欧洲、拉丁美洲国家以及俄罗斯和其他许多国家生效。即使是盎格鲁-撒克逊法律体系(普通法)也受到了其间接影响。诸如“无罪推定”、“所有权使人有义务”以及著名的格言“ex injuria jus non oritur”都是来自罗马法学家。 罗马法的独特之处在于,它是历史上首次将法律与宗教和道德分离,使其…
Yesterday
The Alpha Special Operations Unit (official name — Management "A" of the Special Operations Center of the Federal Security Service of Russia) is one of the most famous and effective anti-terrorism units in the world. Over decades of operation, "Alpha" has …
2 days ago
特种部队“Альфа”(正式名称为俄罗斯联邦安全局特种行动中心“А”局)是世界上最有名和最有效的反恐部队之一。在数十年的活动中,“阿尔法”进行了数百次成功的营救人质、打击恐怖分子和保障公民安全的行动。该部队是在回应国际恐怖主义增长的情况下成立的,特别是在1972年慕尼黑奥运会悲剧性事件之后,当时有11名以色列奥运代表团成员被杀害。 成立历史 “А”组于1974年7月29日根据苏联克格勃主席尤里·…
3 days ago
Начальник Ракетных войск и артиллерии Вооруженных Сил РФ генерал-полковник Владимир ЗАРИЦКИЙ: "НУЖНА СИСТЕМНАЯ РАБОТА" - Итак, Всеармейские артиллерийские состязания завершились, - комментирует начальник РВиА ВС РФ генерал-полковник Владимир Зарицкий. - Ор…
3 days ago
Human colony on the Moon: plans, deadlines, and main challenges In 2026, humanity stands on the brink of an event that has been dreamt of for decades — a permanent colony on the Moon. Space powers around the world have moved from talk to concrete plans. T…
4 days ago
月球殖民地:计划、时间和主要挑战 到2026年,人类将站在数十年来梦寐以求的事件的门槛上——在月球上建立永久殖民地。世界上的航天大国已经从谈话转向具体计划。美国正式批准了200亿美元预算用于建设居住基地。俄罗斯与中国一起扫描月球表面,寻找建立自己站点的理想地点。而伊隆·马斯克承诺在10年内将在地球卫星上建立一个自主城市。人们何时开始在月球上生活,他们的生活将是什么样子,以及首批殖民者将面临哪些问…
4 days ago
Mali Conflict 2026: A New Escalation of Violence and the Role of Russia In the spring of 2026, the conflict in Mali reached a critical phase. Coordinated attacks on April 25th, which took the life of the defense minister, the loss of control over the city …
5 days ago
2026年马里冲突:暴力新阶段和俄罗斯的作用 2026年春季,马里冲突进入关键阶段。4月25日的协调攻击,包括国防部长丧生、对基达尔市的控制丧失以及俄罗斯“非洲军团”被迫从图阿雷格人的象征性首都撤出,这些事件引起了全世界的关注。萨赫拉之心的情况达到了极限,对阿西米·戈伊塔军事独裁的可持续性和俄罗斯在该地区军事存在的有效性提出了质疑。 4月25日的爆炸:对系统的协同打击 2026年4月25日,武装…
5 days ago
Тема для офицеров N 3, для прапорщиков (мичманов) N 4, для сержантов (старшин) N 3, для солдат (матросов) N 3 ВОПРОСЫ: 1. Полномочия Президента России в области обеспечения обороны страны. 2. Законодательство РФ о порядке выборов Президента России и участи…
6 days ago
Forex: How Many Traders Really Stay in the Plus Numbers that brokers don't advertise: an analysis of success and failure statistics in the market 72.2% in the red in 2025 27.8% in profit in 2025 ~1% consistently profitable >90% lose within 5 years The …
7 days ago
外汇:有多少交易者真正获利 经纪人未宣传的数字:分析成功和失败的市场统计数据 72.2% 2025年亏损 27.8% 2025年盈利 ~1% 稳定盈利 >90% 5年内亏损 网上流传着这样一个数字:90-95%的外汇交易者亏损。这个数字是从哪里来的?谁计算了这个数字?真正成功交易者的比例是多少——那些真正通过外汇市场交易谋生的人?在这篇文章中——没有营销陷阱和恐怖故事——分析经纪人的统计数…
8 days ago
“Gringo is not an insult. It’s a diagnosis: ‘not local.’ The sooner you accept that, the more peaceful your travels will be through Latin America.” Imagine: you arrive in Mexico City or Rio de Janeiro, walk down the street, start speaking English — and su…
8 days ago
「格林戈不是侮辱。这是一个诊断:“非本地人”。你越快接受这一点,你在拉丁美洲旅行时就越平静。」 想象一下:你飞抵墨西哥城或里约热内卢,走在街上,开始用英语说话——突然听到背后轻轻的“格林戈”。这是什么?侮辱?种族主义?或者只是事实的陈述?我们来探讨这个词的起源、含义和细微差别,这个词在拉丁美洲的现代生活中不可或缺。 “格林戈”一词的来源:语言学版本 大多数语言学家认为:“格林戈”是西班牙语单词…
9 days ago
Chess: Why Man Will Never Beat AI — History, Eras, and the Endgame for the Grandmaster From Deep Blue to AlphaZero: How neural networks destroyed human superiority and what remains for chess players The question of who is stronger in chess — man or comput…
9 days ago
国际象棋:为什么人类永远无法战胜人工智能——历史、时代和大师的困境 从Deep Blue到AlphaZero:神经网络如何摧毁了人类的优越性,以及现在棋手们还能做什么 关于谁在国际象棋中更强——人类还是计算机——这个问题困扰了半个世纪。如今,答案很明确:人工智能超越了任何大师,以至于在2010年代中期,人类与顶级神经网络的平等比赛就已经失去了意义。然而,通往全面主导的道路是漫长、戏剧化和充满传奇…
9 days ago
LEGO and Sports: The Constructor as a Tool for Engineering, Education, and Competition At first glance, LEGO is primarily a children's toy, while sports is a field of high physical exertion and professional skill. However, an analysis of scientific and pra…
10 days ago
为什么洛克菲勒家族能活到100岁 制度、蔬菜、心脏移植和对生活的热爱是家族传奇的秘诀 洛克菲勒家族不仅仅是石油、银行和数十亿资产。它还是长寿的奇迹,这种长寿代代相传。家族创始人约翰·D·洛克菲勒享年97岁,他的孙子大卫·洛克菲勒享年101岁,家族的其他成员也跨过了八九十岁的门槛。简单的“幸运的基因”在这里不起作用。洛克菲勒家族长寿的秘诀在于严格的制度、精心设计的饮食、获得最好的医疗条件和特殊的世…
11 days ago
LEGO и спорт: конструктор как инструмент инженерии, образования и соревнования LEGO — это в первую очередь детская игрушка, а спорт — сфера высоких физических нагрузок и профессионального мастерства.…
11 days ago
Why the Rockefellers Live to 100 Regimen, vegetables, heart transplants, and love for life — the main secrets of the legendary family The Rockefeller family is not just oil, banks, and multi-billion-dollar fortunes. It is also an example of remarkable lon…
11 days ago
为什么洛克菲勒家族能活到100岁 规律的生活、蔬菜、心脏移植和对生活的热爱——这个传奇家族的秘诀 洛克菲勒家族不仅仅代表着石油、银行和巨额财富。他们还是长寿的典范,这种长寿代代相传。家族创始人约翰·D·洛克菲勒享年97岁,他的孙子大卫·洛克菲勒享年101岁,家族的其他成员也跨越了八九十岁的界限。简单的“基因好”在这里行不通。洛克菲勒家族长寿的秘诀在于严格的作息时间、精心设计的饮食、最好的医疗条件…
12 days ago
Russia's Nuclear Weapons: Parity, Triad, and New Challenges Composition, capabilities, and doctrine: how Russia's strategic forces are structured and what has changed in 2025 Full paritywith the US in nuclear forces Nuclear triadland, sea, air 5 conditio…
12 days ago
俄罗斯核武器:均势、三叉戟和新的挑战 组成、能力和学说:俄罗斯战略力量的构成以及2025年发生了什么变化 全面均势与美国在核力量上 核三叉戟陆地、海洋、空中 5个条件根据2024年学说使用 新系统博列夫斯基、波塞冬、橡树 俄罗斯的核武器仍然是国家安全的主要保障和战略遏制工具。与被西方分析师认为在集体能力上逊于北约的常规武装力量不同,俄罗斯的核力量拥有全面均势。这意味着莫斯科能够实施报复性打…
12 days ago
5月1日在俄罗斯:从政治口号到宁静的烤肉 如何将主要的苏联劳动节庆祝活动转变为首次户外活动和连续四天的假期 1890首次庆祝年份 1917合法化 1992更名 120+世界各地的国家 对于大多数俄罗斯人来说,5月1日首先是漫长的假期,是真正温暖的第一个日子,也是逃离到郊区或森林烤肉的机会。然而,在这些和平的画面背后,是一个长达一个多世纪的历史——从芝加哥的暴力冲突到苏联的强制游行,再到现代…
13 days ago
May 9 in Russia — Victory Day: history, traditions, and symbols of the people's memory The main holiday of the country unites millions of people — from parades on Red Square to the Immortal Regiment on the streets of every city For Russia, May 9 is not ju…
13 days ago
Pavel Durov Wears a Wig? The Main Mystery of Telegram Comparisons of Telegram founder's photos from his youth and today keep buzzing the internet. How did the balding student transform into a rugged handsome man with a thick mane? We analyze the three main…
14 days ago
5月9日 в России — День Победы: история, традиции и символы всенародной памяти Основной праздник страны объединяет миллионы людей — от парадов на Красной площади до Бессмертного полка на улицах каждого г…
14 days ago
... Read more ____________________ This publication was posted on Libmonster in another country. The article seemed interesting to our editor. Full version: https://libmonster.com/m/articles/view/Yuri-Gagarin-2026-04-29
15 days ago
Павел Дуров носит парик? Главный загадка Telegram 比较Telegram创始人年轻时和现在的照片不断激起互联网的热议。从秃顶的学生如何变成一个有浓密头发的英俊男人?我们分析三个主要版本。 将2006年的照片与Instagram上的最新照片进行比较,很难相信这是同一个人。22岁的帕维尔·杜罗夫是一个瘦弱的年轻人,有脱发,突出的耳朵和眼镜。40多岁时,…
15 days ago
尤里·加加林:通往宇宙的道路——改变世界的108分钟 1961年4月12日,一个来自克卢申诺村的普通俄罗斯青年踏上了通往无限的道路。他的笑容成为了苏联的象征,而他的飞行成为了20世纪最伟大的技术突破。 尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·加加林(1934–1968)——一个在所有大陆上都为人所知的人。他的第一次太空飞行永远地把他写进了历史,将他从一个默默无闻的飞行员变成了一个神话般的人物。但是,在这场胜利的背…
16 days ago
尤里·加加林:通往宇宙的道路——改变世界的108分钟 1961年4月12日,一个来自克卢申诺村的普通俄罗斯青年踏上了通往无穷无尽的旅程。他的笑容成为了苏联的象征,而他的飞行成为了20世纪最伟大的技术突破。 尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·加加林(1934–1968)——一个在所有大陆上都为人所知的名字。他的首次太空飞行永远地将他写入了历史,将他从一个默默无闻的飞行员变成了一个神话般的人物。但在这场胜利的背…
16 days ago
永远隐藏在地球观察者眼中,它世世代代被神话包围。首批照片、神秘的陨石坑和玄武岩海洋——我们从未见过的那一边是如何生活的。 月球一直是既亲近又遥不可及的卫星。但月球背面,由于同步自转而隐藏在人类视野之外,直到20世纪中叶一直是未知的象征。如今,我们对这一半球了解得比以往任何时候都要多——但最大的奥秘仍然在那里,隐藏在地球的自然卫星中。 ≈ 41%月球表面的41%永远无法从地球上看到 为什么…
16 days ago
歌德哲学:自然、艺术与人类精神的统一 伟大的诗人,"浮士德"的创作者,同样是一位深刻的思想家。他的哲学试图将科学与艺术相结合,将每个现象视为“活的整体”,并将自然界视为一个不断发展的有机体。 约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德(1749-1832)的名字对每个受过教育的人来说都是众所周知的,首先是因为他是伟大的诗人、剧作家和永恒的"浮士德"的创作者。然而,歌德本人认为他的自然科学作品与文学作品同样重要。歌…
16 days ago
Rhodium: the most expensive metal in the car Rare, brilliant, incredibly resistant to corrosion and acids. Element No. 45 is one of the most expensive precious metals in the world, without which modern automotive industry is impossible. There is a…
16 days ago
钌:汽車中最昂貴的金屬 稀少、閃爍、對腐蝕和酸非常耐久。元素第45號——世界上價值最高的寶石之一,沒有它現代汽車工業無法發展。 在德米特里·伊萬诺维奇·門捷列夫的元素周期表中有一個元素,同時也是珠寶珍寶和關鍵的工業材料。它的編號是45,名字叫钌。它的價格是黃金的數倍,是铂金的數倍,非常稀少,並具有獨特的催化特性,這些特性幫助使城市的空氣更清潔。今天,钌是世界上最受歡迎的金属之一,…
17 days ago
锗:俄罗斯金属,以俄罗斯之名命名 坚硬如钻石,熔点如钨,化学性质独特。元素编号44在喀山被发现,并以俄罗斯命名。 在D.I.门捷列夫的元素周期表中有一个原子序数为44的元素,有一个响亮的名字——锗。这不仅仅是一种铂族金属,而且是唯一一个以俄罗斯命名的化学元素(Ruthenia——拉丁文中的俄罗斯或罗斯)。它是在1844年由喀山大学的卡尔·卡尔洛维奇·克劳斯教授发现的,并从那时起就…
17 days ago
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Important information for authors

Why is it important to save your scholarly work in a digital library?

There are many reasons why it is important to keep your scholarly work online. Let's focus on the main ones:
  1. Wide access: The Internet allows researchers and scholars around the world easy access to your scholarly work. This is especially important for those who live or work in remote countries or regions or sparsely populated areas where access to scholarly publications may be limited.
  2. Preservation and dissemination of knowledge: The preservation and dissemination of scientific works on the Internet ensures the preservation and dissemination of knowledge that can be used to advance science. This helps avoid duplication of research and facilitates access to previous works, which contributes to faster human progress.
  3. Citation: Storing research papers online at a specific address provides a permanent link to your work, making it easier for other scientists to cite and use your research. It also helps to increase your citation index in academia.
  4. Archiving: Storing research papers online ensures that they are archived and preserved for the future. This is important so that researchers can access previous works and use them in their own research.
  5. Dissemination of ideas: Keeping scientific papers online provides an opportunity to disseminate ideas and research results to a wide audience. This can lead to a broader discussion of ideas and a faster dissemination of knowledge in the scientific community.

What can I save in a digital library?

In a digital library, authors can save all kinds of digital information:
  1. E-books: digital versions of books, which can be saved in PDF, DJVU, or other e-book formats.
  2. Scientific articles: scientific publications that can be saved in text form for reading from a computer screen or other gadget or in PDF or other electronic article formats (in which case articles can also be read from both desktop and mobile device screens).
  3. Journals: digital versions of journals that can be saved in PDF or other electronic journal formats.
  4. Audio and video materials: lecture recordings, music, movies and other video and audio files. Audio files are stored in a special storage, and we recommend uploading videos to Youtube and then inserting a link to them in your publications in the library.
  5. Documents: different types of documents, such as brochures, manuals, reports, articles, and other documents. There is a special section for files in the library.
  6. Maps and drawings: different types of graphic images, including maps, charts, drawings, diagrams, and other types of images. They can be stored in the Photo Documents section.
  7. Electronic textbooks and learning materials: digital versions of textbooks, study guides, and other learning materials.
  8. Electronic newspapers: digital versions of newspapers that can be saved in PDF or other electronic newspaper formats.
  9. Photos: digital images of photos and other graphic materials.
  10. Archival materials: digital versions of documents and other materials from archives and museums.
  11. Research information: digital versions of articles, reports, dissertations, and other research-related materials.
  12. Electronic diaries: digital versions of diaries and other personal entries. The library has a special section for author diaries, where you can keep entries in chronological order.
  13. Electronic patents: digital versions of patents and other documents related to intellectual property.
  14. Internet Archives: electronic versions of web pages and other online materials that can be saved in archiving programs and uploaded for preservation in the library.
  15. Computer programs and applications: digital versions of software, applications, and games.
  16. Electronic dictionaries and reference books: digital versions of various dictionaries and reference books on various topics.
  17. Music: digital versions of music, albums, and other audio materials.
  18. Digital maps: electronic versions of maps, geographic and topographic data.

Why is the digital library free for authors and readers?

All services to authors and readers are provided free of charge. So it was, so it is and so it will be. There are several reasons why the library stores and makes available information published by authors for free:
  1. Accessibility. Free access to information makes it available to all users, regardless of their financial status or location. This is important to ensure equal access to education and information for all.
  2. Dissemination of knowledge. The purpose of digital libraries is to disseminate knowledge and information throughout the world. Free access to information contributes to this goal because it allows people to access the latest scientific discoveries and other important information resources.
  3. Social effect. Many authors, especially those who publish their works in the electronic library, do not receive direct financial benefits from their publications, but do so in order to promote science and disseminate knowledge. Providing free access to their work helps them achieve this goal.
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