(LONDON, OCTOBER 1896)

1. Prologue

On October 22-23, 1896, the London press spread the news that a man who was abducted in broad daylight in the center of the English capital has been languishing in prison in the capital of Great Britain for more than 10 days. The prison was the Chinese diplomatic mission at 49 Portland Place; the prisoner was a foreign doctor, then a little-known 30-year-old Chinese revolutionary democrat Sun Yat-sen (at home he was known as Sun Wen).

Today, the name of Sun Yat-sen stands in history alongside the names of many other prominent leaders of the national liberation struggle. In a backward country at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, crushed by imperialism and feudalism, Sun Yat-sen became one of the leaders of a movement in Southern China that ended in an unsuccessful attempt to raise an uprising in October 1895.1
The initial program of the movement was very moderate: the overthrow of the Manchu Qing dynasty that ruled in China, the introduction of a constitution and parliament, the implementation of bourgeois reforms; the question of whether the liberated China would be a republic or a monarchy was not even raised. Revolutionaries, fearing foreign intervention, at that time avoided openly proclaiming anti-imperialist slogans. But objectively, their struggle was anti-imperialist, as it was aimed at strengthening China's independence.

After the failed uprising, Sun Yat-sen found himself an exile, forced to live in Japan today, in the United States tomorrow, and in England the day after. The next uprising prepared by him also occurred in October (1900). Later, in 1911, he acted as the leader of the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty, became the first president of the Republic of China, and after 1917, realizing the limitations of the bourgeois revolution, turned to Soviet Russia for fraternal help and fully realized the historical significance of the revolution. the role of the Chinese working class. This man, in whose person the progressive part of Chinese society moved in its ideological development from semi-medieval ideas to the advanced ideals of the modern world, was just beginning his journey at the end of the XIX century.

Sun Yat-sen arrived in London on October 1, 1896 from Liverpool, where he was taken from New York by the steamer Majestic. He had been followed from the moment he landed in Liverpool. Surveillance began in the United States. In San Francisco, he inadvertently took a picture. The photo fell into the hands of hired detectives hunting for Sun Yat-sen on behalf of the Chinese envoy in Washington. He himself was not averse to detain the "state criminal", which Sun Yat-sen was officially declared in his homeland, but the opportunity did not present itself. And when Sun Yat-sen left for England, the messenger informed his colleague in London, so that the English detectives from Slater's private agency were able to take over the surveillance of Sun Yat-sen in Liverpool. The money was paid to them by the Chinese diplomatic mission.

The central figure who confronted Sun Yat-sen in the battle that soon unfolded in London was the English adviser to the Chinese mission, Sir X. Macartney. An ardent defender of British colonialism, he fought for it in the United States.

1 See: L. N. Borokh. Soyuz vozrozhdeniya Kitay [The Chinese Renaissance Union], Moscow, 1971; V. N. Nikiforov. October 26, 1895-The first attempt of the Guangzhou uprising led by Sun Yat-sen. "Peoples of Asia and Africa", 1975., N 6,

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at various times and in various countries: in China, while serving the reactionary Qing government, he suppressed the Taiping popular uprising; then he (a descendant of the same Irish-Scottish family from which the head of the first British mission in China, J. P. Morgan, left at the end of the XVIII century. Macartney) became a member of the permanent Chinese mission in England. Gong Zhao-qing's envoy was seriously ill, and it was no secret that the real master of the Chinese mission was H. Macartney. It was he who planned and organized the abduction of Sun Yat-sen. In anticipation of his arrival, Macartney visited the Foreign Office and probed the ground regarding the arrest of the "criminal" and his extradition to China. The probe, however, failed: the Ministry referred to the traditional right of asylum granted by Britain to political exiles, and Macartney's appeal against the established practice of extraditing criminals who fled to Hong Kong or Burma to China was rejected on the grounds that the methods legalized in the colonies did not apply to the mother country .2
Much has been written about Sun Yat-sen's London misadventures. Interesting in this regard are the memoirs of Sun Yat-sen himself. In 1899, the evidence of the opposite side was recorded-the memoirs of an employee of the Chinese mission in England, Wu Tsung-lian. Later, there were memoirs of Chen Shao-bo, a friend of Sun Yat-sen, to whom he told about the events in London, as well as Sun Yat-sen's teacher, an active participant in the events of Dr. J. Cantlie 3 . However, these materials require a careful approach. Sun Yat-sen, in his memoirs ("Kidnapped in London"), published in England, could not at that time be completely frank. He somewhat embellished the position of the British government and obscured, as far as possible, the facts of his revolutionary activities .4 In this respect, Chen Shao-bo's memoirs, despite the fact that the information about the London episode is given second-hand and written down much later, serve as a useful addition and in some cases a correction to Sun Yat-sen's book, since to his friend and like-minded person he presented the whole episode in a completely different light than the London one. to the public.

The memoirs of the Qing official Wu Tsung-lian were written with the explicit aim of justifying the conduct of the Chinese mission. Despite their bias, they are such a reference, where the facts cited often refute the concept clumsily concocted by the author. The book of J. R. R. Tolkien Cantlie, written in collaboration with the journalist Sh. Jones, disappointing in many ways. Apparently, Sun Yat-sen's teacher passed on the materials he had to a co-author, and the latter, concerned with including more facts for ordinary Englishmen who knew little about China, greatly increased the volume of work by writing off general passages about China from everywhere. Valuable bits of information that a specialist needs are hard to find in a book. But the archive materials of the British Foreign Office allow us to restore the picture of events. Here are collected in a special folder documents about negotiations with the Chinese mission, police reports on the case of Sun Yat-sen and interrogation protocols. Many of these materials are also biased. But there are also unsophisticated reports like the testimony of the embassy's servant, J. Cole.

2. The Trap

Why did Sun Yat-sen come to England? In his memoirs of 1897, this question is passed over in silence. It seems that he only " enjoyed London life and began to get acquainted with various views, museums and historical sites."-

2 Feng Zi-yu. Notes of a Qing official on the detention of Sun Yat-sen at the London mission (in the book: Feng Tzu-yu. Gaemin and shi (Unofficial History of the Revolution). Vol. 2. Taipei. 1953, pp. 19-20 (in Chinese).

3 Sun Yat Sen. Kidnapped in London. Being the Story of My Capture by, Detention at, and Release from the Chinese Legation, London. Bristol, 1897 (Russian translation: Sun Yat-sen. Notes on London Misadventures (1897). In: Sun Yat-sen. Selected Works, Moscow, 1964); see also Feng Tzu-yu. Op. ed., pp. 19-22; Chen Shao-bo. A brief history of the Chinese Renaissance Union. "Xinhai Gemin", Vol. 1, Beijing, 1956 (in Chinese); T. Cantlie, C. S. Jones. Sun Yat Sen and Awakening of China. L. 1912.

4 In 1918, Sun Yat-sen admitted that in his 1897 book, he had to keep many things silent (Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, p. 257).

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special features of this center of the world " 5 . It was not until 1918 that Sun Yat-sen openly revealed that the purpose of his trip to various countries at that time was to recruit Chinese emigrants for the secret revolutionary organization "Union for the Rebirth of China". So, while traveling around the United States, Sun Yat-sen "everywhere spoke about the danger hanging over our country, about the rottenness of the Manchurian monarchical system, that without a national revolution, it is impossible to save the Motherland from the impending destruction, that it is the duty of every Chinese person to take part in this transformation."6 Sun Yat-sen moved to England when he was not successful in the New World, but he soon realized that he had made a mistake: there were few Chinese living there at that time. He was disappointed and within a week of his arrival, he began to think about returning to the Far East .7 However, instead of leaving on Sunday, October 11, he ended up at the Chinese mission.

So how did Sun Yat-sen get there? There are two versions. One was put forward by Sun Yat-sen himself during the days when he was imprisoned in Portland Place and asked for help (he repeated the same thing in his memoirs of 1897). According to this version, Sun Yat-sen made an agreement with his teacher at the Hong Kong Medical College, J. P. Morgan. Mr Cantlie, who lived in London, said he would visit him on Sunday morning and go to church with his family. Sun Yat-sen had been to the Cantleys ' house several times during his week in London. When he got off the omnibus at Oxford Circus, he usually followed Portland Place to the turnoff marked Devonshire Street, then turned left into the narrow street where Cantlie's house was located. Before turning the corner, I had to pass by the house where the Chinese diplomatic mission was located. But Sun Yat-sen allegedly had no idea.

As he was walking past the mission building on October 11, he said, two Chinese strangers approached him (then a third appeared) and began insistently inviting him to come in and be a guest. Backing up their pleas with "friendly nudges, half-jokingly, half-steadily," they pushed him into the house. The door slammed shut, and Sun Yat-sen was trapped inside 8 . There are some unlikely passages in this story, for all its external plausibility. Sun Yat-sen himself looks rather naive in it, having repeatedly passed by the mission and allegedly never knew about its location. He was not some provincial simpleton, lived in different countries, repeatedly got into difficult situations, was an experienced conspirator. Already in London, suspecting that he was being followed, Sun Yat-sen learned to navigate the vast city in such a way that he constantly eluded the field of view of Slater 9 detectives . There is another disturbing detail in the story: Sun Yat-sen's desire to go to church that day. The Cantlie family, however, was religious, and Sun Yat-sen was officially a Christian. Nyu missionaries in Hong Kong doubted the truth of his faith. He was never seen in the church. The sudden desire to visit the temple on the exact day of the abduction is too much of a coincidence. By the way, when Cantlie reported Sun Yat-sen missing, he didn't even mention that they were supposed to meet on Sunday.

On the contrary, there is documentary evidence that in the days leading up to the abduction, Sun Yat-sen had the idea to visit the Chinese mission. He discussed this topic with the Cantleys and another of his Hong Kong teachers, Dr. P. Manson, who lived in London and whom he also visited .10 It is therefore more plausible to assume that Sun Yat-sen, unable to find Chinese emigrants in London and languishing in enforced inactivity, decided to sow the land of the Dead.-

5 Ibid., p. 76.

6 Ibid., p. 260.

7 Sun Yat-sen said this to his landlady, L, Pollard (her testimony is in the Foreign Office (F. O.). 17/1718, pp. 122-123).

8 Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, pp. 77-78.

9 It would seem that there can be no dispute about whether Sun Yat-sen entered the house at 49 Portland Place by himself or was pushed there, if every step he took was recorded by detectives. But Slater's agents missed this point: the Chinese historian Luo Jia-lun, who studied the agents ' reports in the archive, found that they did not see how Sun Yat-sen got into the mission building (see H. Z. Schiffrin. Sun Yat Sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 1968, p. 113).

10 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 121 - 122.

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Under an assumed name, he would set up a Chinese mission to ask about his fellow countrymen there. Bold courage was quite in his nature. Chen Shao-bo recalled that Sun Yat-sen told him about the circumstances of the abduction in a different way than he wrote in his book: "Sun Yat-sen told me that he had known for a long time where the mission was located, and deliberately changed his name and visited it more than once for the purpose of revolutionary propaganda."11 Sun Yat-sen must have talked to Chen Shao-bo about this after their meeting in Japan in the autumn of 1897, but he could have told him about it earlier, because he was connected by constant correspondence with a number of revolutionary figures.

Chen Shao-bo's version is confirmed in the materials of the Hong Kong newspaper "China Mail", the organ of those circles of the British bourgeoisie in China who were vitally interested in the Chinese market. As extreme expansionists who accused the British policy in China, which was already thoroughly imperialist, of being soft and indecisive, they treated the Peking imperial government as a bitter enemy, and saw the Chinese bourgeois revolutionaries as temporary allies who weakened the central government. The newspaper's publisher, T. Reed, was close to the Chinese Renaissance Alliance society and was privy to its secret plans. During the preparation of the uprising of 1895, he provided the pages of the newspaper to promote the program of the Union. On December 3, 1896, the China Mail responded to the events of Sun Yat-sen in London with a special article. The newspaper's editorial staff, as it turned out, had their own information about the background of the London case. The article (after describing the defeat of the 1895 movement) included the following lines about Sun Yat-sen: "It was reported that 40 or 50 of his alleged accomplices were executed and a reward was set for his arrest, but he fled to Honolulu and from there to America. It is said that this indomitable patriot immediately began processing the Chinese at the embassy in Washington in order to attract them to the side of reform, and that he later tried to do the same in London. " 12
How could the Hong Kong newspaper have obtained information that Sun Yat-sen was not captured on the street, but entered the Chinese mission building himself? Obviously, only from himself or from other trusted persons. Another characteristic detail: Sun Yat-sen liked the article from the China Mail so much that he put it in the appendix to his book "Kidnapped in London". It is unlikely that the author would do this if the article contained a deliberate lie. Quite the opposite: by reprinting the article, Sun Yat-sen seemed to be hinting to the reader about the real facts that he himself was not able to properly cover in the book. As for the Chinese mission, from the very moment the news of the prisoner in Portland Place spread through London, it insisted that Sun Yat-sen personally came to Mission 13 . Sources from the revolutionary camp essentially confirm this. However, based on the fact that Sun Yat-sen had voluntarily come, Macartney and his staff drew the unwarranted conclusion that they had the right to detain a person in the mission as "Chinese territory." However, from a legal or moral point of view, there is no fundamental difference whether a person was dragged into a house by force or locked in this house after he inadvertently entered it himself. The deprivation of liberty in both cases is obvious. The mission staff, knowing that Sun Yat-sen would visit, might even have planned the abduction in advance.

According to the mission's version, Sun Yat-sen came to them for the first time on Saturday, October 10, and asked if there were any natives of Guangdong Province here. He was introduced to the mission's only Guangdong interpreter, Deng Qin-zhai (Deng Ting-keng). Sun Yat-sen wondered where else in London the Chinese could be found. Dan explained that a lot of Chinese merchants lived in East London, in the docks area, and promised to go with him to this remote part of the city the next day. Sun Yat-sen, in accordance with his story, should naturally have denied the fact of Saturday's visit to the mission. After his release from captivity in Portland Place, the investigator asked him a question: what was he doing on Saturday, October 10? Sun Yat-sen otwe-

11 Chen Shao-bo. Edict. op., p. 35; N. Z. Schiffrin. Op. cii, pp. 112-113.

12 "The Supposed Chinese Revolutionist" (from the "China Mail", Hongkong, 3.XII. 1896). Цит. by: Sun Yat Sen. Kidnapped in London. Appendix, p. 119.

13 Feng Zi-yu. Decree op., p. 20.

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teal said that around 11 or 12 o'clock in the afternoon, he went for a walk in Regent's Park, where he stayed until 3 o'clock, then by 4 o'clock he walked home 14 . The answer gives the impression of a well-thought-out legend: Regent's Park is located north of Portland Place, almost immediately behind the Chinese mission, so it's always easy to justify this explanation if someone (such as the detectives who followed Sun Yat-sen) saw him on Saturday in the mission area.

Meanwhile, the fact that Sun Yat-sen came to the mission on Saturday is consistent with Chen Shao-bo's testimony that he visited the mission more than once, and explains Sunday's events well. According to the Chinese mission, during a conversation with Sun Yat-sen on Saturday, translator Deng saw the guest's gold watch, asked to look at it and noticed the name "Sun"engraved inside in Latin letters. This surprised Deng, as the guest introduced himself as Chen Zai-zhi. Immediately, Deng thought of the wanted Sun Yat-sen. In addition, he was beginning to recognize the visitor: Dan had met him before when he was a doctor back home. Without showing any sign of recognizing Sun Yat-sen, Deng reported everything to his superiors .15
The next day, October 11, Sun Yat-sen was expected at the mission. He appeared suddenly, so that neither the detectives who were following him nor the mission staff noticed the moment when he entered the house. Although it was possible to suspect that he was being followed, inside the mission, Sun Yat-sen considered himself unrecognized and therefore safe. When he appeared before Deng Qin-zhai, the latter led the guest to one of the rooms on the second floor and engaged him in conversation. Meanwhile, the officers, under the direction of Macartney and Goon (the envoy's nephew), who arrived, began preparing the prison premises. At first, they wanted to equip the room of one of the employees as a camera and began to remove furniture from it. In the midst of his work, Goon looked out of the window and saw that it was easy to get from this room to the roof. It was then decided that another clerk's room should be fitted up for the prisoner, with a single grated window looking out on the narrow street of Waymoats Street. Meanwhile, Deng Qin-zhai had been entertaining the guest for two hours. Finally the door opened a crack, and someone signaled to Dan, who stopped in mid-sentence.

"Yes, I'm sorry! he said as naturally as he could. "Would you like me to take you up to the floor above and show you my modest quarters?"

"I'd be very happy to," the visitor replied.

They went up to the third floor and, still talking, came to a door that opened to reveal Macartney standing there, gesturing for them to enter .

"A trap! Sun Yat-sen thought. At the same time, he felt a push in his back and found himself in the room. The door slammed shut. Macartney told Sun Yat-sen that he was under arrest as a state criminal, then went out and turned the key in the lock. After a while, the mission's housekeeper, Mrs. Howe, came into the room, prepared the bed, and went out. There was scuffling and tapping outside the door: a second lock was being fitted there 17 .

3. The Prisoner

The Chinese mission requested funds from Beijing to hire a steamer to take Sun Yat-sen to China. There, he was tortured and executed, consisting in first cutting off the eyelids of a person and gradually cutting everything into pieces. This should have intimidated anyone who dared to think of overthrowing the Qing regime in the future. The violation of international law, which was expressed in the illegal arrest of a person in the capital of a foreign state and in drawing up plans for secretly transporting a prisoner through its territory, and then on a foreign steamer, did not bother Qing diplomats, and they considered the hunt for Chinese revolutionaries at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries one of their most important tasks. So, shortly after the story of Sun Yat-sen, in early 1901, one of the leaders of the "Union" was killed in Hong Kong.

14 F. O. 17/1718, p. 119.

15 Feng Zi-yu. Op. ed., p. 20.

16 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 116 - 119, 139 - 142.

17 Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, p. 79.

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revival of China", Yang Qu-yun. An assassin sent by the Qing authorities shot Yang dead in a classroom in front of the children he was teaching English to. Bullets tore through the textbook that Ian was trying to cover himself with. At the same time, the direct leader of the 1900 uprising in Southern China, Zheng Shih-liang, died under mysterious circumstances in Hong Kong. Most likely, he was poisoned by Qing agents. The case in 1903, when the Chinese government's mercenaries, seeking to destroy the rebel leader Hong Quan-fu who had fled to Hong Kong, killed a man who looked like him, secretly brought the corpse to mainland China and received a reward, caused a lot of noise.

There was no doubt that Beijing would approve of Macartney's actions. In response to his report on Sun Yat-sen's arrest, the General Directorate for Foreign Relations responded from Beijing: "We suggest that we act with extreme caution, so that the British side does not suspect anything and has no reason to yap. The specific course of action is at your discretion. " 18 With the receipt of this telegram, the abduction was transformed from a private act of the Chinese envoy and Macartney to the execution of official instructions from the Qing government. However, Beijing did not send any money. ,

Sun Yat-sen was guarded day and night while waiting for this matter to be resolved. Usually there were two men on duty at his door - a Chinese and a European servant, and the Chinese was armed with a sword. Sun Yat-sen barely slept. From the first morning he met in custody, he waged an indefatigable struggle for life and freedom with his captors. Using scraps of newspaper, business cards, and bits of handkerchief, he wrote messages to Cantley and Manson, telling them about the abduction and calling for help. These letters he almost forced into the hands of the servants, begging them to take them to the address indicated, but the servants, warned by Macartney, handed over all the notes to the latter. They were assured that the detainee was a madman. Sun Yat-sen tried to get the news out in another way. There was some money in his back pocket. He wrapped the coins in notes and threw them out through the holes in the bars. Many years later, historians tracked down one E. Wells, who was passing by the Chinese mission building on October 12, 1896, and picked up one of these notes. The passer-by gave it to the policeman, who apparently didn't think it necessary to pass it on. 19 Unfortunately, one of the notes fell on the roof of a nearby house, and Zhou's servant noticed it. The note was delivered to Macartney. The order followed: to block the window in the prisoner's room.

Wednesday, October 14, was the blackest day for Sun Yat-sen. At first, he "received" Deng Qin-zhai in his makeshift cell. Not everyone dares to talk to their own victim. But interpreter Dan was not embarrassed, sat down next to the prisoner and had such a conversation.

"I would sincerely advise you, Mr. Sun, to repent, and the sooner, the more it is in your best interests. Understand that it's pointless to lock yourself in, they know you too well. If you persist , it will only be taken as an aggravating circumstance, when you will have to answer for everything to the authorities at home.

"At home?" But would you dare take me out of this building, which is on English territory? England does not extradite political emigrants!

- And we will not require a formal extradition. You don't know that everything has been done for a long time: the steamer is hired and leaves on Tuesday, you will be tied up, gagged and escorted without any noise.

"You will not succeed in carrying out your plan!

"If so, it's even worse for you. Then we would have to kill you here, because this is Chinese territory, and no one has the right to interfere. As a last resort, we could send your corpse or even one head back to your homeland."

As soon as Dan had left, an English servant appeared, accompanied by a Chinese man. They had hammers and nails in their hands. Following Macartney's orders, they boarded up the window. The prisoner was cut off from the outside world. The next day

18 Feng Zi-yu. Op. ed., p. 21.

19 N. Z. Schiffrin. Op. cit., p. 115.

20 See Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, pp. 81-82.

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Deng came back and tried to persuade Sun Yat-sen to apply for a pardon. He told him that none of the notes had been released, and that every single one of them was supposedly in Macartney's possession. Seeing no way out, Sun Yat-sen thought that writing a petition might at least buy him some time. In the end, the confession that he was forced to make in prison and under pain of death will not be legally binding. Deng immediately arranged for pen, ink, and paper to be delivered, and Sun Yat-sen wrote that he had been falsely accused of conspiracy, slandered by Chinese officials, and had come to the Chinese mission (first in Washington, then in London) voluntarily to clear himself of the charge. Now he was asking to be released. Dan took what he'd written and left 21 .

The prisoner lay down again. The thought suddenly struck him: Dan had deliberately lured out the application so that he could have proof that he had "voluntarily" joined the mission. Sun Yat-sen could have demanded his release on the grounds that he had been lured here by force or deception, but now they wouldn't believe it. Didn't any of his notes come out of this den? At first, he was confused, but after thinking about it, he was ready to fight again, believing that he could get his way. He had taken a closer look at the servants over the past few days, and it seemed to him that one of them, the Englishman Cole, might be persuaded to take the letter outside. In the morning, when Cole came to light the fire as usual, the prisoner began to cry passionately for his help. But it was another twenty-four hours before Cole finally decided to ask who he was. How can I explain to this person what the Chinese Revolution is? What words can I find? (He is, of course, a Christian. Perhaps we should compare the advanced people of China with the Christians in Turkey? Mass Armenian pogroms were then unfolding in Turkey, and the English press was full of reports about them.)

"I'm a political exile," Sun Yat - sen began, watching the listener's reaction carefully, but the listener didn't even seem to understand what he was talking about. - You probably read that in Turkey the sultan now wants to kill all Christians? In my homeland, China, Christians are also persecuted, and I am a Christian. Do you understand? Unfortunately, Cole didn't seem to understand. But the prisoner believed that sooner or later he would get his way.

"You're a worker," he said patiently, " and you have a socialist party here in London. A similar batch exists in China. I am the leader of this party. The Chinese government wants to kill me, they're going to tie me up, take me on board a ship, send me to China, and then execute me.

This time, his words got through to me . After a moment's hesitation, Cole said, " I'm not sure.:

"I'm very busy today, sir, I just don't have time to think." Let's just say that tomorrow morning I'll tell you whether I agree to help you or not. "For the first time, he gave the prisoner some hope.

"My life is in your hands," the prisoner hastened to confirm what he had achieved; " if you take my letter out of the mission, I am saved; if you do not, I will be executed." Do a good deed, do not be afraid, it is not directed against the British government. Your government will release me. Right now, it doesn't suspect anything. Don't be afraid to lose your job, too, and I'll thank you. I don't have anything right now, but when I get out of here, I'll get 500 pounds and give it to you.

Cole had changed his mind a lot over the past two days. He no longer believed that the person imprisoned in the mission was crazy; on the contrary, he began to suspect that the mission's management

21 Ibid., p. 84.

22 J. Cole was on the staff of the Chinese mission as a doorman. But since Wright, the butler, served as the doorman at the entrance, Cole was actually just a worker.

23 Contents of the conversation, which is detailed in the testimony of J. R. R. Tolkien. Cole, no doubt about it. Sun Yat-sen, faithful to the tactic of obscuring, as far as possible, before the British authorities and the public, the radical revolutionary features in his appearance, did not reproduce the phrase about the "socialist party" either in his testimony or in his memoirs. Investigator Cuff, who saw this point as a contradiction between Cole's testimony and Sun Yat-sen's, asked the latter for a written explanation, and Sun hastened to write: "I compared my situation with the fate of the Armenians and did not mention socialists" (F. O. 17/1718, p.120). There is no doubt that Sun Yat - sen compared himself to the Armenians in his conversations with Cole (this is also mentioned in Chen Shao-bo's memoirs), but it is characteristic that Cole did not recall this comparison.

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he was dragging him, Cole, into something bad, and he had consulted the only person he trusted, Housekeeper Howe. She confirmed his concerns 24 . Hau was impressed by the appearance of Sun Yat-sen, a decent, intelligent man. In the days that followed, without taking part in the conversation, she listened attentively to the Chinese servants ' conversations about how the man locked up in a private room had angered the emperor and that the emperor was now impatiently waiting for him to cut off his head. Howe sensed, even more clearly than Cole, that something was wrong with the mission. When Cole told her about the note to Cantley, she didn't wait for Cole to decide to do something, but took the first step herself. Not wanting to lose her seat, she proceeded with the utmost caution: it was only after 11 o'clock that she went out into the street and, after looking around for anyone nearby, turned the corner into a deserted Devonshire Street.

It was Saturday night, October 17. The Cantleys ' house was already in bed. For the last few days, people here had been worried, having no information about Sun Yat-sen, and at first attributed his disappearance to some unknown revolutionary affairs. But on Thursday, Cantlie met Sun Yat-sen's landlady, who said that she had been going to Cantlie's to find out where her tenant had gone: his belongings were still there, but he had not been there since Sunday. A sudden phone call roused the doctor from his bed. He opened the door, but there was no one there. Cantlie bent down and picked up the piece of paper. It read: "Your friend has been imprisoned here in the Chinese mission since Sunday; they want to send him to China, where he will probably be hanged. This poor man's situation is very sad, and if something is not done immediately, he will be taken away and not a soul will know about it. I don't dare sign my name, but it's all true, so believe my message. Whatever you do, do it immediately, or it will be too late. His name, I believe, is Lin Yin Sen. " 25
4. Release

On October 18, the situation changed. For a whole week, no one suspected the existence of the prisoner in Portland Place, and Sun Yat-sen had to fight against powerful enemies alone. From the moment Howe's note found its way into Cantlie's hands, the forces outside the mission began to move, and their role in the struggle to free Sun Yat-sen is now becoming central. In this struggle, which took another six days, the following facets are clearly distinguished: Sunday - Monday (October 18-19), when only his teachers Cantlie and Manson worked to save Sun Yat-sen, without finding support anywhere; Tuesday-Wednesday (October 20-21), when the British government intervened However, it acted slowly and did not take decisive measures for the release of Sun Yat-sen in two days; Thursday-Friday (October 22 - 23): these days, the press came out in his defense.

After receiving the note at midnight, Cantlie hurried to the Marylebone Street police station, where he was directed to Scotland Yard. Here the duty inspector listened to him with a skeptical look and advised the doctor to "go home and calm down." Later, the inspector admitted that he could not determine whether the person who broke into his house in the second hour of the night with a complaint about the Chinese mission was drunk or sleepwalking .26 On the inspector's report, his boss .Superintendent D. Swanson imposed a resolution: "The case is not a criminal one, as the diplomatic mission is not subject to British law. The doctor himself could have made inquiries to see if there was a Chinese steamer in the port of London. There is not enough data to report to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. " 27 The same thing continued during the day. Mrs. Cantlie wrote in her diary on October 18:: "A day of hope and fear. Hamish (Dr. Cantlie's Scottish name) went first to see Judge A., then Mr. H. of China-

24 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 116 - 119.

25 T. Cantlie, C. S. Jones. Op. cit, pp. 42 - 43; N. Cantlie, G. Seaver. Sir Tames Cantlie. A Romance in Medicine. L. 1939, p. 103. Sun Yat-sen's name is reproduced in different ways in various sources that cite the text of Hau's note:" Lin Yin-sen"," Xin Yin-sen","Long Wan Son".

26 T. Cantlie, C. S. Jones. Op. cit., p. 43.

27 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 45 - 48.

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However, he did not achieve anything satisfactory in the matter of Sun Yat-sen. When they got home from church, Hamish hurried over to see if Manson could find Sir H. Macartney. Manson sided with us and resented the actions of the Chinese mission. " 28
At 49 Portland Place, by this time the working day had begun. Joel came to tell Howe that he had finally made up his mind to take the note to " this poor man's friends."29 . The housekeeper approved of this step and advised us to hurry. After a while, while Cole was putting coals on the fire in the prisoner's room, he silently pointed out that something important had been left in the coal box. Sun Yat-sen took the paper hidden by the servant and read: "I'll try to take a letter to your friend. Do not write it at the desk, because there you can be seen through the keyhole, and the guards are constantly watching you. Write on the bed " 30 . Later that day, Cole found Cantley and Manson and handed them two business cards written in Sun Yat-sen's handwriting. On the back of the first was written: "I was abducted on Sunday by the Chinese mission and will be smuggled out of England to China to die. Please help me out quickly." On the other side, where the name "Sun Yat-sen" was printed on the card, he wrote: "Please take care of the person who brought my message, he is very poor and will lose his job for helping me." The second card contained a continuation of the main text: "The ship has already been hired by the Chinese mission to take me to China, and I will be imprisoned and isolated from people all the way. Oh, woe is me!" Both cards had Cantley's address written on them: 31 . From that moment on, Cole became a regular mailman, delivering Sun Yat-sen's letters to the outside world and friends ' letters to him.

The Foreign Office has recorded Cantlie's entire story, but so far they haven't promised anything. In the editorial office of the Times, where the doctor then turned, his message was also recorded, but they put the sensational material in a long box. Later it turned out that this was done on the recommendation of the British government. The only achievement of the first two days was that Cantlie organized a constant surveillance of the Chinese mission building in order to know about the location of Sun Yat-sen. He first assigned this task to a retired private investigator, who was placed in a cab on the dark side of Weymouth Street, with a clear view of the mission building entrance. On Monday morning, when Slater's private detective agency opened, Cantlie turned him in to watch the house on Portland Place. Ironically, this was the same agency whose people, on behalf of the Chinese mission, were monitoring Sun Yat-sen. And on October 19, Slater's agency received another assignment from Macartney: to set up surveillance on Cantlie, who was trying to free Sun Yat-sen. This created an ambiguous situation: when the same agency monitored the Chinese mission, fulfilling the will of Cantlie, and Cantlie himself - on behalf of the Chinese mission. The day was not yet over when Macartney received the first report from the detectives: "There are fresh instructions from the doctor regarding rescue plans, please give us further instructions." 32
It remains a mystery why the UK's administrative machinery suddenly began to move on Tuesday morning and began to take any steps in favor of Sun Yat-sen. In Cantlie's memoirs, a muffled reference is made to an employee

28 N. Сantlie, G. Seaver. Op. cit, pp. 103 - 104.

29 The indignation of the English mission servants at the criminal actions of their superiors was apparently universal, or almost universal, so that if Howe and Cole had not come to Sun Yat-sen's aid, others would have done so. So, someone named J. R. R. Tolkien. Allen, who worked in the kitchen of the Chinese mission, visited Manson to inform him about "his friend at the Chinese embassy." The doctor wrote down what he said, but the visit had no other consequences, because, first of all, Allen did not report anything new compared to Cole, and Manson, as he later explained, did not want to make him "a competitor of Cole"; second, Manson did not like that Allen immediately I asked for money for my service. "I said," Manson writes in his testimony, " is that your goal? Your philanthropy comes down to pounds, shillings, and pence." He said, "I have a wife and a child" (F. O. 17 / 17L8, p. 122).

30 Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, p. 86.

31 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 30, A, B.

32 Ibid., p. 115.

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The Foreign Office that Cantlie visited at 11 p.m. on Monday and that allegedly gave rise to case 33 . More significant is the report of Manson's biographers: he managed (most likely on Monday) to get to the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister R. Salisbury, who allegedly promised to help in the release of Sun Yat-sen .34 The message seems plausible: Manson was a well-known doctor at the very top (in China, for example, he treated the all-powerful temporary worker Lee Hong-zhang). It is possible that the Prime Minister really agreed to assist him in this matter. But if this version is correct, Salisbury apparently made it a condition that his name not be mentioned in connection with the Sun Yat-sen case. The head of government might have had his own reasons for keeping a low profile. All other sources are silent about the role of Salisbury.

In any case, on Tuesday and Wednesday, the British authorities began to take some action. This resulted in the replacement of the private investigators around the mission with Scotland Yard detectives; Cole and one of the owners of the Glenn Steamship Company, MacGregor, were questioned. The latter confirmed that Macartney had negotiated with him to hire a steamer to bring some "lunatic" to China from England .35 Two more days passed, and the situation did not change significantly. On October 22, Cantlie and Manson, unable to withstand the wait, went to the London City Criminal Court on Old Bailey Street to charge the Chinese diplomatic mission with violating the "Habeas corpus Act", which guarantees the inviolability of the person in England .36 Judge Wright, however, concluded that there were insufficient grounds for legal action and that only diplomatic measures could be taken .37
The visit to the judge had a positive result, which helped to mobilize the press. Rumors were already circulating in London about a mysterious case involving a prisoner in a certain foreign embassy. As soon as Cantlie and Manson left the Old Bailey, their testimony in court was leaked to a reporter for the London Evening Globe. The reporter hurried to Cantlie and asked his permission to publish a sensational story. The Doctor hesitated for a moment. He found it inconvenient to turn to another newspaper, since he had already dealt with the Times. In addition, he considered himself loyal to the government, and the Globe was known as a newspaper that was in opposition to the Salisbury cabinet. At the same time, Cantlie reflected, no action was being taken, and Sun Yat-sen was still languishing in captivity. Let the facts appear in the Globe, he decided .38
Not even knowing that the next issue of the Globe is running a story with the garish headline " An amazing incident! The conspirator is secretly captured in London! Imprisoned in the Chinese Embassy!", the British government still understood that the fact of Sun Yat-sen's abduction could become public at any time. They decided to summon Macartney, and at about 7 p.m. on October 22, the main culprit of the abduction was in the office of Acting Deputy Foreign Minister T. Sanderson. Macartney did not hide the fact of Sun Yat-sen's detention, but insisted on the legality of the actions of the Chinese mission. Sanderson informed him that the British government regarded the incident as a clear abuse of diplomatic privileges and demanded the prisoner's release. "Please note," Sanderson warned Macartney, "that the story about this event is already in the Times and is being held only at our request. If this case comes out in this form, the scandal will be huge."39 . Macartney left the Ministry-

33 T. Cantlie, G. S. Jonеs. Op. cii, p. 44.

34 P. H. Manson-Bahr, A. Alcock. The Life and Work of Sir P. Manson, L. 1927, p. 115; P. H. Manson-Bahr. Patrik Manson: the Father of Tpropical Medicine. L. 1962, pp. 73 - 74.

35 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 94 - 95.

36 Sun Yat-sen's memoirs erroneously state that the British government brought charges against the Chinese mission to court (Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, p. 96).

37 F. O. 17/1718, p. 32.

38 Based on a conversation with C. Cantlie, the son of J. P. Morgan. Cantlie (February 1971).

39 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 54-60.

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vo is determined not to give in and drag things out as much as possible. Meanwhile, however, an issue of the Globe came out with a report on events in the Chinese mission.

A memorable evening for Sun Yat-sen on October 22! Cole, as he lit the fire, gave him the now-familiar sign that indicated there was something worth seeing in the coal bin. It was a clipping from the Globe. Sun Yat-sen read it and reread it. The press is talking! The main danger is over. He felt like a man who was preparing for an execution and suddenly found out that it was suddenly postponed 40 .

The news spread quickly. It was actively received by numerous reporters, who saw that this time they were bypassed by their colleagues from the Globe, and now they rushed to develop the "gold mine"with renewed energy. Two men descended on Portland Place. Deng Qin-zhai, who had received them and did not yet know about his boss's visit to the Foreign Ministry, said only one thing: there was no prisoner in the mission. When they showed him a copy of the newspaper smelling of fresh paint, Dan laughed serenely and said that he had never encountered a more amusing newspaper "duck". "You are free to laugh, "the Central News agency correspondent replied. "Please note that if this person is not released, 10 thousand people will appear here tomorrow, who will tear down the building of your mission brick by brick, and you, my dear fellow, will also be in trouble." 41
The British government assessed the situation and began to act more vigorously. A note to the Chinese envoy signed by Salisbury was issued with record speed, demanding the release of Sun Yat-sen. The Ministry's notification of sending the note was immediately published. On the morning of October 23, all the newspapers wrote about the abduction. Both liberal and conservative authorities were outraged by the actions of the Chinese mission and demanded the release of Sun Yat-sen. An excited crowd gathered outside the mission building. The British public has shown its best side in the Sun Yat - sen case.

Sun Yat-sen later expressed his gratitude to "especially the English press" for their help and support .42 Of course, the bourgeois press basically could not be worse or better than it is. It was not for nothing that she had a hint of chauvinism and disdain for the Chinese. It was written about the leaders of the Chinese mission that they were too free to interpret the right of extraterritoriality in their favor because, "being Chinese, they are stubborn." A man in the street who wrote a poem about the incident in The Daily Chronicle referred to Sun Yat-sen as "chinaman" and made silly jokes about the name of the newcomer . The Times took a somewhat special position. She typed out the Globe article and added to the chorus of newspaper voices her own words:"The Foreign Office will undoubtedly make it clear to the rulers of the Celestial Empire that they have gone too far." But you could see that the Times was emphasizing the existence of "two versions" in this case: Sun Yat-sen claims that he was captured on the street; Macartney claims that Sun Yat-sen entered the mission voluntarily, and the latter sounds more plausible. Perhaps, the newspaper cautiously offered a hand of salvation to the kidnappers, the Chinese envoy should not be forbidden to keep Sun Yat-sen locked up while he is in the mission building? Let them try to take him outside, into British territory, and then the police should immediately release him. " 44 International law experts have explained in newspapers, including the Times columns, that the extraterritoriality of foreign missions means the inviolability of diplomats, but does not give them the right to violate the laws of the host country on the territory of the mission .45
Despite the Times ' cautious stance, it was she who particularly annoyed Macartney, who apparently expected her unconditional support. To reassure him, the editors published a letter to the newspaper in which Macartney defended his assessment of events. A lengthy review was published in the same issue

40 Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, p. 100.

41 Ibid., p. 97.

42 Sun Yat Sen. Kidnapped in London. Appendix, p. 133.

43 "The Daily Chronicle", 24.X.1896.

44 "The Times", 24.X.1896.

45 "The Times", 27.X.1896.

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It was based on the book "The Life of General Gordon"by one of the then English authors who wrote on the topics of Chinese history, D. Bulger. The review emphasized that Gordon and Macartney were "two Englishmen who have done China the greatest service of all foreigners who have ever served it." 46 In principle, in the case of Sun Yat-sen, the Times followed the same line as the Salisbury government.

At 13: 30 p.m. on October 23, Macartney was back at Sanderson's. About the conversation that took place between them, Sanderson reports in detail in his memorandum. Macartney began by saying that the envoy's health prevented the mission from making an immediate decision to release Sun Yat-sen. Sanderson ignored this subterfuge and asked bluntly if Macartney knew that the envoy had been handed a note on the matter. Macartney confirmed the receipt of the note, but went on to ask Beijing, it was a specific matter, could the British government give China assurances that Sun Yat-sen would be under surveillance if he returned to Hong Kong? This was followed by Sanderson's official assurance that "of course, the British government would not want Hong Kong to be used" as a base for the revolutionary movement, so that "any request from the Chinese government to establish surveillance of any suspicious persons" would be treated favorably. Not content with such a general assurance, Macartney insisted that formal guarantees must be provided first, and then there could be a question of releasing Sun Yat-sen. Sanderson then changed his tone: "The basis on which Her Majesty's Government demands the extradition of the detainee is that the detention is illegal and resulted from the abuse of diplomatic privileges. If the envoy does not fully comply with our request, we will be forced to raise the issue of his immediate recall and the revocation of diplomatic privileges for any British citizen who is in the service of the Chinese mission and is connected with the case in question." He couldn't have been clearer. "I added," Sanderson goes on to say, "that this story has already been printed in all the newspapers, and it cannot be allowed ...to remain the subject of such attention." 47 He gave Macartney until 4 p.m. to reflect. Around four o'clock Macartney reappeared with the official consent of the envoy to release Sun Yat-sen.

At half-past four, an official delegation consisting of a Foreign Office representative, Maynard, Inspector Jarvis (from Scotland Yard) and Dr Cantlie arrived at Portland Place to identify the person being released. In Maynard's pocket was the document that was supposed to be used to extradite the detainee. Sun Yat-sen was lying on the bed. The door to his room opened; the two Chinese and English guards were looking in: "Mr. Macartney would like to see you. Put on your coat." Really liberation? Sun Yat-sen had believed in him so much, and now he was wary of a new trap: perhaps the British police had come to search the building, and they wanted to hide him in the basement?48 . But on the first floor Cantlie greeted him with a happy smile. Sun Yat-sen's things were returned. Macartney shook his victim's hand in farewell. A minute later, Sun Yat-sen was walking out of the mission building to the cheers of the people who had crowded Portland Place and Waymouth Street. A few hours later, after an official visit to Scotland Yard, Sun Yat-sen was already at the hospitable Cantlie house.

On October 24, while the London press was still spreading rumors about Sun Yat-sen, a telegram arrived at the Chinese mission from Beijing. The General Directorate for Relations with Foreigners was responsible for: "We fully approve of the idea of hiring a steamer to deliver a famous person to Guangzhou. We will wire you 6000 pounds sterling for this purpose, you can immediately get it from the bank." Quoting the text of this telegram in his memoirs, Wu Tsung-lian, a member of the Chinese mission, adds in a melancholy tone:: "Unfortunately, Sun Yat-sen had already been handed over to the British authorities at this time, and it was impossible to get him back." 49
46 "The Times", 26.X.1896.

47 F. O. 17/1718, pp. 69-75.

48 Sun Yat-sen. Selected works, pp. 100-101.

49 Feng Zi-yu. Op. ed., p. 21.

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5. Epilogue

Sun Yat-sen, who had been advised by Police Inspector Jarvis on his release not to deal with any revolutions in the future, did not heed his advice. There is no need to mention Sun Yat-sen's subsequent biography here. But it may be interesting to know what happened next to some of the people with whom life confronted him in the October days of 1896. On the day of Sun Yat-sen's release, Cole was not at work. When he arrived the next day, everything was falling out of his hands. When asked what was wrong with him, he replied that he did not know, probably caught a cold during the days that he was guarding the prisoner. He was sent home and never returned to the mission. Cole had a special form of conscience: as a prisoner's guardian, he felt guilty about him; having helped free him, he now felt guilty about the mission, as if he had betrayed his masters. In addition, he was afraid that everything would come out and he would be dealt with cruelly. On October 26, he sent a letter to the housekeeper, announcing his retirement from work and asking to inform the owners that it was he who carried the prisoner's letters .50
Losing your job and not having references is a serious matter. Cole had been poor for a long time. Sun Yat-sen finally gave him all his money - two 10 - pound notes-and, after staying in England for a few months, he was now writing a book about his abduction, hoping to send Cole a fee. But the latter did not wait. On the eve of 1897, an investigator named Cuff, who was looking into certain details of Sun Yat-sen's case retroactively at Sanderson's request, received a complaint against him: Cole demanded the promised 500 pounds. Sun Yat-sen was summoned to the coroner's office. "Did you promise the servant 500 pounds?" it was a stern question. Despite the official atmosphere, Sun Yat-sen burst out laughing: "Write down that I promised him not 500, but a thousand pounds at that time! And I don't want to talk about it any more! Better answer this question: what measures have been taken by the court in relation to the Chinese mission during this time?" The investigator, who was most concerned (as he himself admitted) with getting Macartney out of his predicament, saw that the conversation was taking a dangerous turn, and tried to finish it as soon as possible. 51
In 1897, Sun Yat-sen's book was published. On the cover, a white sun shone on a blue background - the first symbol of the Chinese revolution. The book told about the struggle of the best people of a distant country for freedom. It was also written about Cole, but he remained indifferent to fame, and he received his 500 pounds. The last time Cole's name came up was in the late 1920s, when Sun Yat-sen's son, Sun Fo, a leading figure in the then Chinese government, visited London. When he found Cole, he gave him a pension of $ 52 .

The Cantlie family remained close to Sun Yat-sen. On his visits to London, he always visited them, and with the inevitable "tail" of detectives; they began to follow not only the guest, but also Cantlie. In November 1911, the Cantleys were waiting for Sun Yat-sen when a telegram arrived from China addressed to him. Although the address was vague ("London, Sun Wen"), the Chinese mission in London deciphered the telegram and confidently forwarded it to Cantlie. There was only Mrs. Cantlie at home. When she saw the hieroglyphs on the letterhead, she didn't dare admit that they were waiting for Sun Yat-sen: what if she thereby gave the Chinese mission the location of Sun Yat-sen? The hostess did not take the telegram, but just in case drew hieroglyphs. Two hours later, he arrived himself, read the telegram (Mrs. Cantlie, not knowing the language, had redrawn the text all the same correctly), and put it in his pocket. It was not until the next day that Mrs. Cantlie asked if there was anything secret in the telegram. Sun Yat-sen replied: "Oh, no! Didn't I tell you? I am invited to serve as president of the new republic. " 53
Less than two years later, the governments of Britain and other bourgeois countries branded the first president of the Republic of China as a "harmful dreamer" and gave

50 F. O. 17/1718, p. 142.

51 Ibid., pp. 151 - 152.

52 Based on a conversation with C. Cantlie (February 1971).

53 T. Cantlie, C. S. Jones. Op. cit, pp. 59 - 61.

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hundreds of thousands of pounds sterling to General Yuan Shih-kai for the suppression of the Xin-Hai Revolution. The Cantleys passed a moral test after Mrs. Cantleys printed an open letter in the Globe. She urged her countrymen to pray for Sun Yat-sen and his party,"because money can never be more important than reputation." 54 Many acquaintances turned their backs on Cantlie, outraged by their "chinatown". The same newspaper published a counter-letter two days later, recommending the author as a great expert on Chinese affairs. "Znotok" mocked Cantlie's appeal, in which, according to him, "good feelings prevail over all facts and accurate information." The Chinese people, the letter argued, do not need prayers, but "that the bankers and their governments give Yuan Shih-kai all the financial, moral and material assistance they can", otherwise there will be a popular uprising .55
Manson, a noble man and a great scientist, died in 1922. His name can be found in encyclopedias; his works were also reprinted in the 1960s. The role of Hau, the brave and intelligent woman who set Sun Yat-sen's liberation machine in motion, has remained in the shadows. And the Globe reporter, who also played a significant role in the fate of the Chinese revolutionary, remained nameless altogether. The people who helped Sun Yat-sen in October 1896 were different, so their fates are also different. But in that memorable October, some more, others perhaps less-all of them demonstrated what makes a person human.

And the enemies? What happened to them? Of course, these events did not affect Macartney's position in any way. He continued to serve in the Chinese mission. Bulger wrote a fat book, The Life of Holliday Macartney. There is also a special chapter in this work- "Some minor diplomatic incidents", dedicated to the"incident of Sun Yat-sen". The name of Translator Deng came across Sun Yat-sen once more under surprising circumstances. In 1912, in Nanking, an assistant to the president once reported to Sun Yat-sen that Deng Qin-zhai was asking for an appointment, and that, citing an old acquaintance, he was going to ask for some lucrative place. The man's shamelessness was truly phenomenal. The assistant, who identified him as the same Deng Qin-zhai who had served in the Chinese mission in London, suggested that he be arrested and tried as a state criminal. The President objected: "The people say: "The dog Tse barks at Yao" - everyone serves his master " 56 .

So, to sum up: what was the situation of Sun Yat-sen in October 1896, shortly after his liberation? The newspaper storm subsides. Articles by legal experts also deal with the precedent of kidnapping by a foreign mission, which will now be included in the textbooks of international law. Sun Yat-sen, who decided to stay in London for a few months, establishes contacts with the leading people of England and revolutionary emigrants (one of his friends at that time was the Russian populist and poet F. V. Volkhovskaya, who fled Siberia abroad and organized the "Free Russian Press Foundation" in London). Sun Yat-sen reads in the library of the British Museum books of the best minds of the XIX century, at that time not yet known to almost anyone in China. In the meantime, the telegraph is tapping out orders from the London Government to the Governor of Hong Kong to have Sun Yat-sen arrested at once if he lands on this island, which has been cut off from China by Britain. The same Salisbury who had demanded the release of Sun Yat-sen from the Qing envoy was now preparing an English prison on Chinese soil for him.

54 "The Globe", 19.VIII.1913.

55 "The Globe", 21.VIII.1913.

56 See Feng Tzu-yu. Op. ed., p. 22.

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