A.V. AFONASYEVA, Candidate of Economic Sciences

M. A. BRATYAKOV, Institute of the Far East of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Keywords: China, Asia-Pacific region, international processes, development, economy, politics, history, philosophy

The XX International Scientific Conference " China, Chinese Civilization and Peace. History, Modernity, Prospects", held on October 16-18, 2013 in the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as in the Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We publish the end of the review of presentations made at the conference.

Section 3 - " Experience of China's socio-economic development "(Head-Deputy Director). A.V. Ostrovsky, Director of the Institute of Internal Affairs of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, Professor) - 20 reports were heard.

Ph. D. in Economics A.V. Afonasyeva in her speech on "China's innovation Competitiveness" noted that in 2011, having significantly increased its innovation potential, China for the first time exceeded the average level of innovation competitiveness, taking 8th place among the G20 countries. At the same time, the speaker suggested that China's innovation competitiveness is exaggerated (since only 20% of innovative products are original products), while pointing out the relatively low efficiency of investment and the imbalance between the size of financial injections and the commercialization of innovative developments, as well as the irrational spending of research funds. The author concludes that China consistently accumulates resources for innovative development, improves conditions for innovative business, increases investment in innovation, and currently outstrips Russia, which ranks 12th in terms of innovation competitiveness. In 20-30 years, the share of China's own innovative products will reach 30-40%.

Ph. D. in Economics V. N. Kovalenko presented the report "Internationalization of the Chinese yuan in the context of the Japanese experience". Convertibility of the yen for current transactions was introduced in 1964, and in the 1970s there was a rapid development of Japan and the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves. By the 1980s, the country had become the owner of huge foreign exchange reserves and an investor of these funds abroad. In 1984, the Japanese-American agreement on the liberalization of financial markets was signed, which allowed for the creation of a large volume of offshore yen. The internationalization of the Chinese currency began in 2009 (from settlements in cross-border trade to the signing of currency swaps with more than 20 countries around the world). Currently, London is the second offshore RMB market after Hong Kong. Settlements under the newly created BRICS bank will also serve as a stepping stone for the yuan's entry into global financial markets. The speaker concludes that China has taken a different path from Japan to internationalize the currency.

T. G. Terentyeva's speech was devoted to the role of Chinese TNCs in the export of capital. In 2002 - 2012, the volume of Chinese investments increased more than 30 times. More than 22,000 enterprises with Chinese capital have been established abroad in more than 179 countries. The main subjects of investment are large state-owned enterprises (90% of total investment). In terms of the number of largest companies in the Forbes magazine rating, China ranks 3rd (out of 136), after the United States and Japan; China is 4 times behind the United States in terms of the number of TNCs in this list, and 2 times behind Japan. The speaker noted a sharp increase in the number of Chinese companies in the rating lists in recent years, noting that, nevertheless, the overall level of Chinese TNCs does not reach the international level.

Doctor of Economics L. V. Novoselova spoke about the investment component of the economic strategy of the People's Republic of China, emphasizing that the role of the investment factor in the development of the Chinese economy is higher than in other countries. China has already reached the maximum possible investment level that does not affect the existing standard of living of the population (72% of GDP). The growth rate of consumption in the country significantly lags behind the growth rate of GDP and investment. China's investment potential is 95% generated from domestic sources. Foreign market share

Ending. For the beginning, see: Asia and Africa today. 2014, N 3.

Currently, the share of capital in investments is 1 - 2%, but it is this capital that ensures the growth of high-tech production. The entire investment fund of the People's Republic of China consists of several components: 65-70% -own funds of enterprises, the rest-bank loans and loans. The funds of Chinese companies are formed by leaving funds at the enterprise, which they must pay to the budget for the dividends of the state block of shares. Chinese enterprises actively use the accelerated rate of depreciation of fixed assets up to 15%. One of the factors of rapid development, the speaker called low interest rates on investment loans, which are available primarily to state-owned companies.

Ph. D. in Economics E. S. Bazhenova made a presentation "Urbanisation in China: state and prospects". Demographic processes in China are characterized by high rates of urbanization, which will have a significant impact on the demography of all mankind in the XXI century. According to the State Statistical Service of China, in 2011, as a result of changes in the social structure of the country's population, cities now play a dominant role. Note that by the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the urban population was only 10%.

Migration plays a significant role in the process of urbanization in the country, which increased to 260 million people by 2012. China's urban population is projected to grow to 915 million by 2025 and 1.02 billion by 2030. that will make up 80% of the total population of the country. The speaker noted differences in the level of urbanization in China by region: the highest level is in the eastern and southern regions of the country, and the lowest level is in the central and western regions. Urbanization is currently a major driver of China's economic development and an important driver for expanding domestic demand.

The report "China in the rare earth metals (REM) market" was presented by Doctor of Economics I. S. Troyekurova. REM is used in the production of modern high-tech equipment. China accounts for the lion's share of REM deposits in the world. The percentage of rare-earth metals in Chinese ore makes their extraction profitable. In 2009, China accounted for 95% of the world's REM production, the United States-2.4%, and Russia-1.4%. REM consumption in the world is growing at a very high rate. Japan is the main importer of Chinese rare-earth metals. This industry enjoys strong government support.

REM mining is associated with significant environmental damage at the mining sites. Russia occupies the second position in the world in terms of REM reserves (about 16%), but until recently, only one Solikamsk magnesium plant operated in Russia for the extraction and production of REM. At the same time, three large deposits have been discovered in the last 10 years on the Kola Peninsula and the Kuril Islands, and the goal is to reach 10% of the world's REM production by 2020. According to the speaker, in the near future, China will remain a monopolist in the rare-earth metals market.

Dr. N. E. Borevskaya presented the report " Russia and China in the Chinese educational services Market: Rivalry or Co-development?", noting that China expects to become the leader of the Asia - Pacific region in this area in 20-30 years. The level of Russia's participation in scientific and educational projects in the region is quite low. Despite this, the PRC expresses its readiness to cooperate with the Russian Federation in the field of educational services, believing that these two powers can make a significant contribution to improving the model of modern university education and preserving humanistic traditions.

Alexander Veremeychik highlighted the trends of migration of the population of northeast China over the past decade, emphasizing that, in general, there is an increase in the scale of migration within the country, which is mainly due to the problem of employment, disparities in regional development and income levels, and an increase in migration from developed coastal provinces. In the process of China's urbanization, the emphasis is on creating medium and small cities, so as not to overload the infrastructure of megacities. There is an increase in the share of migrants with higher education, an increase in the share of people employed in production and transport, and a decrease in the migration of technical specialists and civil servants.

I. V. Stavrov made a report " On the problem of regional inequality (on the example of Liaoning Province)". This problem is caused by natural and geographical factors, the state of human capital, and the degree of participation in interregional cooperation. The PRC is characterized by a rather large regional development imbalance. In 2010, the share of the Eastern, Central, Western and North-Eastern regions in the country's GDP was 53%, 19.7%, 18.7% and 8.6%, respectively. In addition, significant development disparities exist within these regions (directly between provinces). These imbalances are one of the main drivers of migration. Income imbalances also exist within Liaoning Province, leading to intra-provincial migration. Thus, regional inequality is multilevel.

A. Y. Yafasov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, made an interesting and succinct presentation on the issue of innovative development in Russia and in the world. The speaker stressed that the world has entered a stage of turbulence. The transition of the economy to an innovative path requires: freedom of creativity and entrepreneurship, competition, high-quality education, development of science and the innovation industry. In terms of the number of inventions per 10,000 people, Russia is significantly behind Japan, the United States, and China. The rapid growth of this indicator is observed in Japan (from 2 to 17 in 1986-2010). In the United States, this indicator has been growing for a long time.-

it remained unchanged (5 inventions per 10 thousand people). China also increased this indicator (from almost 0 to 2 in 1986-2010). Russia's level in this indicator fell from 5 to 1.5 over the same period, and continues to fall.

In her report "Assessing the experience of China's socio-economic development in European Economic Thought", M. R. Eloyan, Ph. D., noted that in the XXI century. China is perceived as an" Asian miracle", largely inexplicable and unexpected. Some experts believe that modern China is a "project of the West", while recognizing that the implementation of this project did not go according to the rules, and now Europe allegedly found itself "in the grip of Chinese economic colonization".

The speaker argued that China is not a "project of the West", but a natural process of development of the modern world economy, which successfully solves the problem of producing material goods necessary for the existence of mankind, where the necessary conditions are created for this. The most important of these conditions are the market for highly skilled labor and the achievements of fundamental and applied science borrowed from Europe, Russia and the United States.

Z. A. Muromtseva, Ph. D. in Economics, highlighted the problems of China's entry into a new global model of industrial development. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, China had completed the last stage of industrial development, which belongs to the industrial era of "steam" and "electricity". A powerful mining and processing industry was formed, absorbing the outsourcing of developed economies of the world. In the coming years, China will focus on improving the quality and efficiency of industrial growth and improving the structure of the economy. The role of China's state-owned corporations in the third industrial revolution and in promoting a new model of industrial development will increase, since state-owned corporations account for 4/5 of the stock markets in China.

In the report of Doctor of Economics L. D. Boni "Transformation of the Chinese agricultural development model"

It was noted that the country's leadership is striving to preserve and stabilize the current contract system (family contract). At the same time, contract farms focus on the intensification and specialization of production, innovative development while maintaining the old form. Due to the shortage of labor, the demand for mechanization of agricultural production is growing in rural areas. The cost of production increases, which leads to the emergence of new forms of farming in rural areas (large agricultural yards, family farms and cooperatives), attracting industrial capital from the city, without changing the contract system and collective ownership of land. Specialized cooperatives are being created that provide services for mechanizing field work. Currently, 80% of households apply to them for such services. It is planned to further develop agriculture with an emphasis on cooperation, while maintaining the current 100 million contract farms.

L. A. Volkova, Ph. D. in Economics, continued the agricultural theme with the report "Experience in solving social problems of rural areas in China". The Chinese leadership intends to create a new type of agricultural sector economic system - a large-scale modern economy, transforming the form of peasant land use with contract land. The process of urbanization of the agricultural sector is actively developing. The task is to improve the quality of urbanization, promote it "with reasonable activity", i.e. to provide employment for the population, develop appropriate infrastructure, and organize modern types of production in the newly created settlements. In the first decade of the XXI century, measures were taken to shift the center of gravity of state infrastructure construction and social development to the countryside. Measures to improve social conditions in rural areas have gained significant proportions in the 10s of the XXI century, and, nevertheless, the possibility of social instability in certain rural areas is not excluded.

Candidate of Economic Sciences N. N. Koledenkova presented the report "Development of industrial production -an important link in the implementation of the strategy for the recovery of the central regions of China", emphasizing that large industrial bases have been created in the central regions of China, which occupy the second place in terms of industrial production in the country. The main attention is paid to the development of the electric power industry in these regions, since large energy resources are concentrated here. China's largest hydroelectric power station, Sanxia, accounts for 11% of the country's total hydroelectric capacity. The plant generates approximately 14% of all hydroelectric power, which is supplied to 11 provinces of the country, and a transmission line has been built with a length of more than 1,000 km to Shanghai.

Currently, China is working on creating a unified energy system, in which an important role is assigned to the central regions of the country. These regions are also leaders in metallurgy. At the same time, the innovation opportunities of the central regions are very limited.

The main trends in the development of the securities market of the PRC at the present stage were revealed by Candidate of Economic Sciences I. V. Bakhrushin, noting that for the fourth year in a row, the Chinese stock market is in a deep depression, and recently this trend has only intensified. The Securities Market Control Committee has taken a number of measures to stimulate the growth of the country's stock market. The investment quota for qualified foreign institutional investors was increased from $80 billion to $150 billion. The primary stock market has been suspended. In addition, the criteria for selecting companies for admission to an Initial Public Offering (IPO) were tightened.-

offer of additional (new) issue shares.

The opposite trend is observed on the Chinese innovation companies exchange (growth was 98% in 2013), while the formation of a "bubble" in this market is not excluded, since the profit of Chi Next listed companies increased by only 2%, which does not correspond to a significant increase in the index. The speaker also pointed out the possibility of issuing preferred shares (previously absent segment).

Alexander Pickover spoke about the development of the Internet in China and its impact on the country's economy. In 2013, the number of registered Internet users was 591 million. The number of mobile Internet users is growing. The country's leadership is trying to provide access to the Internet in rural areas. As a result, the number of Internet users in the village increased by 50% in 2013. The speaker comes to the conclusion that the information economy, which develops according to its own laws, is actively transforming many other spheres of life, actively influencing politics, mass media, education, and telecommunications.

E. A. Kudryavtsev described the plans of the Chinese leadership to conquer a new global automobile market, saying that in the near future, emphasis will be placed on the development of vehicles based on alternative energy sources, in the development of which about $300 million has already been invested. As part of the "go abroad" policy, Chinese automobile companies are actively attracting foreign direct investment in order to use the latest Western technologies in this area. In 2013, one of the largest auto giants in China, Dongfeng Motor Corp. He announced his intention to acquire an 85% stake in the American hybrid car manufacturer Fisker Automotive Corporation for $350 million. If the deal is approved by the US authorities, the Chinese company will be able to enter international markets with its very popular hybrid model Karma.

Wu Zi made a presentation on "High-speed rail transport and civil aviation of the People's Republic of China", noting that since 2010, China's high-speed railways have become a serious competitor for national airlines at distances of up to 1 thousand km. The intense competition between the two modes of transport in China has forced their leaders to start working out ways to cooperate and work out compromises in the struggle to attract passengers (for example, connecting international flights with the schedule of high-speed trains).

Section 4 - " Features of socio-political processes in modern China "(head-Doctor of Political Science A.V. Vinogradov) - featured 16 speakers. 31 people participated in the discussion.

Among the most relevant reports was the speech of V. F. Borodin "How and where we are going: vectors of political dynamics in China and Russia". Comparing the two countries ' political systems, the author highlighted the continued strengthening of the role of the ruling Chinese Communist Party.

PhD student A. A. Bronnikov devoted his report to the energy interests of the PRC in Central Asia (CA). One of Beijing's main problems is ensuring energy security, as energy imports have already reached a high and dangerous level of 60%. Diversification of energy suppliers and supply options implies increased ties with Central Asian countries. China's entry into the Central Asian markets is accompanied by transport linking the resources of these countries to the western borders of the PRC. Over the past decade, the Chinese presence in the economy and energy sector of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan has grown significantly.

Doctor of Political Science A.V. Vinogradov presented the report "New Foundations of political reforms of the PRC", in which he touched upon the problems of asynchrony in the development of the modern economy and politics of the PRC, noting that the issue of representation of the entrepreneurial class in the political community has not yet been resolved. At the same time, businesses actively lobby for their interests, which leads to increased corruption. Noting that China has managed to preserve its civilizational identity (cultural identity) in the course of economic reforms, A.V. Vinogradov considers the prospects for creating a new political model in China.

Demido made a presentation on "China Central Television on the global air", noting that one of the components of the strategy for strengthening China's cultural influence in the world is to expand the presence of Chinese media in the global information space. The top three channels promoted include China Central Television (CCTV), the Xinhua news agency, and the English-language China Daily newspaper. CCTV has already launched 7 international channels in 6 languages (including Russian). One of the channels turned into a 24-hour informational news channel-an alternative to CNN and the BBC.

Doctor of Economics L. I. Kondrashova prepared the report "China: the prospect of changing the economic model". Pointing out the increased interdependence of countries in the context of the globalized world economy, the author outlined the priority tasks facing the Chinese economy and shared her thoughts on the role of philosophy in economic policy. In conclusion, the speaker concluded that the ideological rigidity of the authorities is combined with a tolerant attitude to various philosophical views.

In the report of A. N. Korolev "Responsiveness of the political regime of the People's Republic of China to the needs of the population", 4 spheres of life were identified in which the difficulties of everyday existence of the broad masses are most acute: poverty in cities and villages; unavailability of basic medical services for the poor and the emergence of the phenomenon of "poverty due to illness"; aging of the population and the problem of pension provision;

rising housing prices. The speaker analyzed the government's response to these challenges, concluding that in China, the level of responsiveness of officials to the basic needs of the population is quite high.

Doctoral student Lin Guanchun spoke about the social environment, mood and behavior of people in the process of urbanization in mainland China. The author emphasized that rapid economic development and high rates of urbanization have led to the rapid growth of megacities. This, in turn, creates many difficult problems: traffic jams, overcrowding, high levels of pollution, poor quality of infrastructure and industrial goods, a large number of migrant workers, psychological and social problems. As a result, people often feel unprotected and helpless, and uncertainty about the future is widespread.

Doctor of Historical Sciences L. S. Perelomov spoke about the role of Confucianism in the formation of the CCP's ideology. Even in ancient times, two opposing concepts of the relationship between power and the people were formed: "people for the state" (Legist) or "state for the people" (Confucian). The author analyzes the adaptation of these two concepts in different historical stages, starting with the era of Liu Shaoqi, who tried to interpret Confucian values (images of the" great-wise "Junzi and the concept of" humane government " Mengzi), and ending with Xi Jinping, who seems to be completing the stage of integrating Confucianism into Chinese Marxism.

A similar topic was discussed in the report"Transformation of the views of the political leadership of the People's Republic of China regarding religions during the reform period"by , PhD. The author examines the issues of regulating the religious sphere and the evolution of the position of the authorities in this area since the "cultural revolution", noting that for many years the task of the state was to adapt religion in a socialist society (the principle of mutual correspondence). Mutual conformity occurs not on a parity basis, but in line with the adjustment of religion to existing social and political conditions. The Chinese leadership considers religion to be one of the tools for rallying the masses, preventing any manifestations of the division of society along religious lines. The religious factor in a multiethnic country like China is a very important factor.

Olga Sivintseva presented the report "Importing market mechanisms into the practice of public administration in China", emphasizing that at the present stage in China, the problem of ensuring coordination between various government departments, especially regional governments, is acute. In this regard, China has begun to actively implement foreign market mechanisms, for example, the development of an institutionalized methodology for monitoring and evaluating the achievement of future plans, called M&E (monitoring&evaluation). Another borrowed mechanism is the transfer of some State powers to autonomous semi-governmental organizations. Despite the peculiar "Sinicization" of new mechanisms, they perform their function very successfully.

Candidate of Political Science A. A. Sergeeva made a report "The role and place of foreign Diaspora policy in the context of the change of the top leadership of the PRC". The fifth generation of Chinese leaders will continue the practice of implementing state programs to attract highly educated professionals, especially ethnic Chinese, and will continue to support Chinese students in studying abroad, encourage them to return to their homeland, and provide them with freedom of entry and exit.

Section 5 - "Historical paths of China, Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region" (head-Doctor of Historical Sciences I. L. Mamaeva) presented 20 reports.

D. A. Smirnov, Candidate of Historical Sciences, opened the section with the report "Promotion of the concept of " one state - two systems". Back in 1981, Marshal of the People's Republic of China, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 1978-1983. Ye Jianying put forward a program for the peaceful reunification of China. In 1982, Deng Xiaoping called this program the embodiment of the idea of "one state , two systems". In 1984, this concept was finally formulated on the basis of the recognition of the "one China" principle, the preservation of two socio-economic systems in a single Chinese state, a high degree of autonomy for Taiwan and peace negotiations with it (which, however, did not exclude the "non-peaceful path of unification with Taiwan"). This concept was partially implemented in the late 1990s through the reunification of Hong Kong and Macau. In 2005, the concept was supplemented by the adoption of the "Law against Secession" in the PRC, which formed the legal basis for the use of armed forces in the event of a threat of Taiwan's declaration of independence and/or external interference. At the same time, the process of economic integration of both parts of China is rapidly developing, leading to their comprehensive rapprochement.

O. N. Borokh, Ph. D. in Economics, presented the report "The Chinese Dream" in 1933: an Image of the Future on the pages of the Dongfang Zazhi magazine. The slogan of the " Chinese dream "about the" great rebirth of the nation " took a leading place in the information space of the PRC in 2013. However, this topic has been of concern to the Chinese intelligentsia in the past. 80 years ago, in January 1933, the influential Shanghai magazine "Dongfang Zazhi" published a thematic selection of materials on the topic: "How do you see the future of China in your dreams?" Many of the answers highlighted the dream of China's rightful place in a new world without nations and borders, and the advent of the era of" great unity " (datong). Other participants dreamed of a "new socialist China" and a " federal socialist state." Some authors talked about what lies ahead

China has suffered a lot, and the way to the future is through revolution.

Doctor of Historical Sciences S. A. Gorbunova prepared the report "60th anniversary of the Buddhist Association of China-transition to a new stage of development". The speaker noted that May 2013 marked the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Buddhist Association of China( BAC), which since its formation has been ideologically and politically perceived as one of the instruments of domestic and foreign policy. Its appearance testified to the loyalty of the Chinese leadership to Buddhism. In the 1950s, destructive processes began in the LHC, and during the" cultural Revolution " the LHC was banned. A qualitatively new period in the development of the LHC began during the period of reforms and openness (1980s). Gradually, a viable structure was formed: BAC - its local branches-monasteries, temples. The most notable event that shows that in the twenty-first century there is a tendency to intensify the activities of the LHC was the holding of three World Buddhist Forums in 2006, 2009 and 2012.

B. G. Doronin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, spoke about the textbook of traditional political culture for leading personnel of China. In 2011, the book "To manage the state and engage in administrative activities, you need to know history" appeared on the shelves of bookstores in China. It is no coincidence that this work appeared during the period of preparation for the XVIII Congress of the Communist Party of China, because the Chinese leadership in its political practice follows the course of "putting antiquity at the service of modernity" and constantly refers to the historical and cultural past of the country.

In his report "State Budgetary Institutions of the People's Republic of China: structural and personnel issues of reform" A.V. Yershov emphasized the need to reform the system of budgetary institutions for China. The policy of high-tech development cannot be implemented without updating the institutions involved in scientific and technical work, education, and healthcare.

Candidate of Historical Sciences N. V. Anisimtsev in his report "The legal system of the PRC on the threshold of the XVIII Congress of the CPC" noted that China is a country of the continental legal system, which has 240 laws, 706 administrative decrees, and over 8,600 local rules. The entire legal body is divided into "civil and commercial law "and"economic law". The legal system of the PRC is intended to be a reflection and tool of a "socialist market" economy and a "harmonious society".

A. L. Merchenko's report was devoted to the situation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and Russian-Chinese relations during the decade of Hu Jintao's leadership. According to the speaker, the main problem remains the issue of sovereignty. Both sides of the Taiwan Strait recognize themselves as "one China", in which the mainland and the island should unite. The CCP leadership has a negative view of Taiwan's independence rhetoric, not excluding a military solution to the issue if the island declares independence.

Russia stands in solidarity with China on this issue, but at the same time emphasizes the priority of peaceful methods of solving the problem. The real steps taken to develop relations between the continent and the island over the past decade indicate the active use of "soft power" by the Chinese leadership, which provided a breakthrough in trade, economic and humanitarian ties while maintaining a firm position on fundamental issues.

Candidate of Historical Sciences A. A. Sizova in her report "The Russian Diplomatic Service in the border regions of China in the second half of the XIX-early XX centuries: outlines of political activity" stressed that the protection of Russia's political and strategic interests, along with the protection of the interests of trade and economic assistance to compatriots abroad, was an integral part of the activities of Russian consulates in the border districts of China in the second half of the XIX-early XX centuries.

Interest was aroused by the report of Doctor of Historical Sciences V. S. Kuznetsov " China and India in search of a solution to the territorial problem (the last quarter of the XX century)". In 1996, both sides agreed to resolve the issue of the border between China and India through peaceful friendly consultations, without resorting to the use of armed force or the threat of its use. This has helped to deepen and diversify the search for a solution to the Sino-Indian border problem. This issue continues to be a key determinant of China-India relations.

Section 6 - "China in the Dialogue of Cultures (philosophy, religion and art)" (head-Doctor of Philos. n., Professor A. E. Lukyanov) - presented reports on the role of Confucianism in modern China.

The presentations of PhD student A. I. Kobzev "The Inscrutability of the Path-Tao" and PhD student Liang Zhe "The Tao of man and nature." Several reports were devoted to the study of Confucianism, for example," The theory of ideal management in the philosophy of early Confucianism "(on the example of the treatise" Sincere listens"), prepared by A. Y. Blazhkina, and" The beginning of the study of Confucian classics in Russia "(on the example of the text" Li Ji") - author of Candidate of Historical Sciences I. B. Keidun.

A. E. Lukyanov presented the reports "Zhong Yun" and "Nature comes from fate: expanding the text volume". Doctor of Philos. n.A. A. Krushinsky found the key to solving the problem of the peculiarity of Chinese logical thought. Vavra Dushan made a presentation "Zhuangzi" on life and death: constructing meaning outside the text". N. V. Terekhova based her presentation on the material of ancient canons, telling about the ritual "Li" as a form of semiotization of the Chinese socio-cultural space. R. M. Ziganshin presented the report "Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis and evolution of the Chinese language".

integration of human knowledge". In the novel, Monika covered terminology issues in the translation of the Bible into Chinese, revealing the similarities and differences between some Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant publications. V. A. Ruchin's report "Russian and Chinese philosophies of education: similarities and differences" completed the work of the section.

Section 7 - " Chinese language, literature and education in the era of globalization "(head-Doctor of Philology O. I. Zavyalova) - featured 16 speakers.

A significant part of the reports and, above all, the report of the section head O. I. Zavyalova were devoted to various components of the language situation and language policy in the PRC. E. V. Gobova spoke about the interaction of Putonghua and dialects in oral media in southern China. Two reports dealt with the study of the Chinese language in higher education institutions of Kazakhstan and educational migration between China and this Central Asian state (reports by E. Y. Sadovskaya, Ph. D. in Philology, and A. T. Tokhmetov, Ph. D. in History). In other linguistic reports, issues of theoretical grammar (Ph. D. K. V. Antonyan and A.V. Shatravka), methods of teaching Chinese (Ph. D. N. N. Voropaev), as well as the problem of determining the degree of freedom of Chinese traditional texts (Ph. D. V. B. Vinogrodskaya)were discussed.

In the literary part of the section, I would like to mention, first of all, the review report of Ph. D. E. N. Korobova on one of the priority directions of the modern policy of the PRC in the field of culture - the promotion of literatures in the languages of the peoples of the PRC. Many (if not all)of them The participants of the section were also concerned about the processes of interaction in the literature of different periods of traditional Chinese and external components. One of these periods, which was discussed in the report of PhD N. V. Zakharova, is the beginning of the XX century, when the impact of foreign culture and literature on the Chinese intelligentsia was particularly strong. M. V. Semenyuk spoke about the interpenetration of foreign and Chinese cultures, as well as in their joint report Ph. D. N. K. Khuziyatova and her student N. K. Plyasenko, who spoke about the" Russian Harbin " in the essay of the modern writer Zhang Kankang. Ph. D. candidate E. K. Shulunov called the work of the avant-garde playwright Meng Jinghui a challenge to the Chinese theatrical tradition. Finally, A.V. Dashchenko and Ph. D. Ya. V. Shekera devoted their speeches to the evolution of forms and the interaction of Taoist and Buddhist components in classical Chinese poetry of the Song era.

RESULTS OF THE DISCUSSION

The conference closed on October 18. Scientific reports were presented by N. L. Mamaeva, Doctor of Historical Sciences, "On the causes of the Victory of the Democratic Revolution in China in 1949" and A. I. Kartunova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, "On the factors of the victory of the CCP in China in 1949".

M. L. Titarenko, Director of the Institute of International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, highly appreciated the general spirit of the conference as corresponding to democratic academic traditions, repeating the words of one of its participants, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor A. Ya.Yafasov, who described the international scientific conference as "an exchange of experience and enjoyment of knowledge".

As a result of the discussion at the XX International Scientific Conference "China, Chinese Civilization and the World", its participants came to the following main conclusions::

- as a result of the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, its political influence and share in international security issues is also growing rapidly;

- The People's Republic of China has managed to take over many countries of the world economically, and the Chinese currency is becoming a regional currency in Asia;

- for further development, China will have to switch to a new model of economic growth (from extensive to intensive), rely not only on borrowed, but also on its own innovations;

- it is alarming that recently, in order to consolidate its position in the world, China, along with "soft power", declares the possibility of using "hard (military) force";

- one of the main problems in China is the environment, and its solution can be extremely difficult. This is not a purely Chinese problem; China's environmental pollution is already affecting the state of the planet as a whole.

The conference raised the issue of the need to develop Siberia and the Far East. Solving this issue requires a combination of different approaches. It is considered possible to attract foreign labor and foreign capital, but this option requires extreme caution and guarantees of maintaining control over resources and enterprises for Russian businesses. It is possible to apply the Chinese experience of creating free economic zones and an experimental approach to the development of individual regions on Russian soil. FEZs can initially be created in the Central part of Russia in order to minimize the risks of the experiment. If successful, this model can be extended to other regions as well.

Summing up the discussion, Russian and foreign sinologists noted that the results of the anniversary XX International Conference " China, Chinese Civilization and Peace. History, modernity, prospects" (such conferences are held every 2 years) are of great importance for Russian and foreign science and business, as they provide a comprehensive picture of the economic and political situation in China - the second largest economy in the world. Analysis of Chinese history, philosophy, and literature and the Chinese language also plays an important communication role in establishing practical cooperation with China.