In recent years, the socio-economic strategy of the People's Republic of China has been dominated by the economic growth of the less developed provinces and regions of Western China, carried out under the slogan "Go West". Speaking at the Fortune Global Forum 2013 in Chengdu, the administrative center of Sichuan Province, in June 2013, Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli noted that one of the most serious problems of the country was the income gap between regions. He stressed that "a new wave of regional development and opening up the West to foreign businesses will strengthen the dynamism of the Chinese economy and help solve the problem of unbalanced and unstable development."¹

A special place in this strategy is occupied by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), where "separatist" sentiments are strong*. The policy of the Communist Party and the central government in these areas is aimed not only at their socio-economic development, but also at winning the support of the indigenous population, which is often dissatisfied with the infringement of their rights and the "dominance" of the Chinese (Han). Particularly dangerous are the outbreaks of Islamic extremism in the XUAR, the most recent of which occurred in June 2013, which killed 24 people (not counting the 11 rioters killed).².

At the same time, an important foreign policy task is being solved - strengthening China's position in post-Soviet Central Asia, ensuring China's energy security and promoting stability in the region's countries in the face of the growing threat from "Islamic" terrorists in connection with the upcoming withdrawal of troops from the international coalition led by the United States from Afghanistan. The visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan in September 2013 is significant in this regard.

Speaking at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Xi put forward the idea of creating a "Silk Road economic corridor" - a strategic regional transport route from the Pacific Ocean to the Baltic Sea - to improve communications and strengthen economic integration. According to the Chinese leader, in the future, it would be possible to gradually form a transport network connecting East, West and South Asia. Noting that the "Silk Road Corridor" covers a population of 3 billion people. a large and unprecedented market in scale and potential, he called on interested countries to promote trade and investment and remove barriers.³

The Xinhua news agency noted that strengthening cooperation in the "Silk Road corridor" will help maintain stability through economic development in the region, where the presence of the "three evils" - terrorism, separatism and extremism-is strong. This project will also provide additional impetus to efforts to accelerate the growth of ^the Chinese West4 economy.

Referring to the results of the Chinese President's visit to Central Asia and his participation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Bishkek, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi stressed that Central Asia has become a strategic partner of China in economic, trade and energy cooperation. At the same time, relations with Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan were brought to the level of strategic partnership for the first time during the meetings of the Chinese leader with the leaders of these countries. "The countries of the region not only have great opportunities for common development due to economic complementarity, but also face a common threat of external interference and three evils. All of them are interested in strengthening cooperation in bilateral relations and within the framework of the SCO for the sake of peaceful, stable and secure good neighborly relations. " ⁵

As the British Economist magazine noted, the Chinese leader's tour of Central Asia "left no doubt about the emergence of a new economic superpower in the region." At the same time, Andrew Scobell, an expert at the American RAND Corporation think tank, emphasizes:: "Most of all, China is afraid of a combination of internal problems with external threats, especially from the Uighur diaspora... China considers Afghanistan to be the epicenter of Islamic extremism in the region. Chinese leaders share the widely held view that once foreign troops withdraw, Kabul will not be able to provide security in the country on its own, and the militants who fought with the Americans will head to other countries, including the fragile neighboring states of Central Asia and even Northwestern China. " ⁶

In Kazakhstan, 22 contracts worth $30 billion were signed, including documents on the purchase of a stake in the Kashagan oil and gas complex by the Chinese National Oil Company for $5 billion.-

* For more information, see: China. The national question: the difficult search for balance and stability. Lazareva T. V. Zigzags of the national policy of China; Kuznetsov V. S. In Chinese Muslims / / Asia and Africa today, 2010, N 3; Gelbras V. G. Than dissatisfied with the Uighurs. Contradictory results of the development of Xinjiang / / Asia and Africa Today, 2010, N 6 (approx. ed.).

At the same time, it is expected that the company will be able to generate more than 8.33% and provide a loan of $1.8 billion. Kazakhstan State Company KazMunayGas7. Kazakhstan and China plan to increase their trade turnover to $40 billion in 2013.8 Agreements worth $15 billion. in the field of development of oil, gas and uranium deposits, ⁹ have been achieved in Uzbekistan.

In Turkmenistan, the leaders of the two countries announced the completion of the first stage of joint development of the Gal-kynysh ¹⁰ gas field. China also signed an agreement to purchase an additional 25 billion cubic meters of gas annually. Thus, the future supply of Turkmen gas to China has been increased to 65 billion cubic meters ¹¹. Currently, the China-Central Asia gas pipeline is connected to the Chinese West-East gas pipeline, and thus Turkmen gas can be delivered to the Pacific coast of China ¹².

E. M. RUSAKOV, Candidate of Historical Sciences, columnist of the magazine "Asia and Africa Today" on the problems of East and South Asian countries

In the article published below, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Asian and African Countries of the Lomonosov Moscow State University V. G. Gelbras summarizes some results of the Chinese leadership's policy in the XUAR in recent years.

V. G. GELBRAS

Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences, ISAA MSU

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) Keywords:, XUAR development program

The reference point for the latest period of development of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was 2009-2010. In 2009, the CPC Central Committee adopted a decision on the development of Xinjiang (XUAR), and in May 2010, a Central workshop on this issue was held.

The XUAR covers an area of about 1.66 million square kilometers, or one-sixth of the country's territory, and the population of Xinjiang in 2011 exceeded 22 million people. ¹³ 9.8 million live in urban areas and 12.5 million in rural areas. Compared to 2000, the population has increased by more than 19%. XUAR has 11 administrative divisions. The largest ethnic groups are Uyghurs (10.4 million), Kazakhs (1.5 million), Dungans (1 million), Kyrgyz (194,000), and Mongols (179,000). The number of Chinese reached 8.4 million, or more than 38% of the population. ¹⁴

Xinjiang is rich in natural resources. In 2012 alone, 15 mineral deposits were discovered and explored in Xinjiang, including 7 large ones. In total, 22 hard coal deposits with reserves of 100 billion tons were explored in the region in 2012. Experts are confident that these reserves are sufficient for the development of the XUAR within 100 years. Iron ore reserves ($2.1 billion) t) can ensure the growth of the regional economy for 50 years, non-ferrous metal ores-for 30 years. In 2012, a super-large nickel deposit (1.38 million tons) was discovered. Associated copper and cobalt reserves are estimated at 220 thousand tons and 60 thousand tons, respectively. Other metals were also found, including a large gold deposit, the proven reserves of which are estimated at 53 tons, and the volume of associated copper on it also exceeds 31 thousand tons ¹⁵.

Proven gas reserves reached 1.4 trillion cubic meters.m. Xinjiang ranked first in China in terms of this resource. According to experts, the estimated natural gas reserves may amount to 10.8 trillion rubles. This will allow the district to become a strategic supplier of energy resources for the whole of China in ^the future16.

As a result, it was planned to accelerate the economic development of Xinjiang, expand the modern transport network of the region, create development zones with special economic policies in Kashi (Kashgar) and Khorgos, accelerate the construction of the China (Kashgar) - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan (Andijan) railway with the prospect of its continuation to Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey and Europe (it it will become one of the routes of the Great Silk Road, the second one is possible through Russia and other CIS countries).

ECONOMIC BREAKTHROUGH

XUAR has long been turning into a major industrial and agricultural center. In the region, a solid scale of economic construction has been developed, oriented to-

Figure 1. Growth of the regional gross product of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, in yuan ($1 equals 6.12 yuan), 2005-2012

Источник: 2013 Zhongguo tongji zhaiyao (China Statistical abstract) // Beijing: China statistics press. 2013. P. 26 - 27.

Figure 2. Growth of fixed capital investment in Xinjiang, 2005-2012

Source: 2013 Zhongguo tongji zhaiyao ... P. 26-27.

We hope for a significant expansion of economic ties with neighboring countries.

So, until recently, the regional gross product (RVP) of the XUAR was about 1% of China's GDP, but in the last two years this figure has exceeded 1.4%. During 2008 - 2012, the region's economy grew at a faster rate than the entire country. China's GDP grew by 10.4% in 2010, 9.3% in 2011, and 7.8% in 2012, while Xinjiang's RVP increased by 10.6% in 2010 and by 12% annually in 2011 and 2012 (see figure 1).

To a large extent, these changes are caused by a large increase in capital investment in fixed assets and the inclusion of the most economically developed provinces in investment in the economy of Xinjiang. The volume of investments in fixed assets in 2012 reached 615.8 billion rubles. RMB, i.e. 2.2 times more than in 2009 (see figure 2).

Xinjiang is a nationwide construction site. More than one-third of the district's investment comes from central government funds. The amount of investment increases annually. In 2011 and 2012, the scale of their growth exceeded similar indicators for the country as a whole. In the mid-2000s, the share of investments in the XUAR in the national volume was less than 1.5%, but in 2011, the share of investments in the XUAR in the national volume was less than 1.5%. it reached 1.5%, while in 2012 it exceeded 1.6%¹⁷.

In 2010 and 2011, investments in fixed assets were unevenly distributed across the main sectors: from 14% to 17% of their volume was directed to the extractive industry, from 18% to 25% - to the manufacturing industry, from 11 to 12% - to the production and supply of electricity, gas and water, from 8% to 15% - in transport and postal services, about 1% - in trade. Significant investments were made in real estate - from 18% to 21%. Research, maintenance and exploration received 0.4-0.5% of all investments. During these years, from 1.4 to 1.6% of investments were directed to the development of education, and from 0.7 to 0.9% - to the needs of healthcare, social insurance and social security. Between 2.2% and 2.9% were allocated to State institutions and organs of the CPC, i.e. more than for education and health care combined.¹⁸

Governments contribute to the development of Xinjiang

Figure 3. PRTR established in Xinjiang industry, 2007-2012

Source: Xinjiang weiuer zizhiqu 2012 nian guomin jingji he shehui fazhan tongji baogao (Statistical Communique on the National Economic and Social Development of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2012) - http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/stats_info/tjgb/1331161112816.html

Table

Share of final consumption in Xinjiang's RVP, 2005-2011 (%of RVP)

Source: 2012 Xinjiang tungji nianjian ... Tab. 2 - 9; http://www.gov.cn/ wszb/zhibo566/wzsl.htm

other provinces. So, in 2012, 23 enterprises were relocated from Beijing. The actual investment amounted to 1.62 billion rubles. RMB, 2 times higher than in 2011. Beijing Technical and Economic Park and a similar park in Hotan have signed a cooperation agreement. Under the agreement, 32 enterprises are being transferred from Beijing, and 25 have already started operating in the new location.

In Zhejiang Province, 29.3 billion rubles were allocated. RMB5. 29 billion for 25 major facilities in Xinjiang. RMB - for investment in fixed assets. In fact, almost $ 10 billion has already been spent. RMB.

Workshops of seven leading automobile plants of the country appeared in XUAR: Shanghai Volkswagen, Sany Heavy Industry, Dongfang Automobile, etc.

The district is rapidly developing a multi-industry economy. In the past, more than 50% of industrial output was produced here due to the extraction and processing of coal, oil and gas. In 2012, the dominant position was occupied by other industries. More than 10 thousand new enterprises have been created, and the electric power, chemical, textile and food industries, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy are growing rapidly.

In 2012, the RVP created in Xinjiang's industry increased to $ 293 billion. RMB, i.e. by 1.9 times compared to 2009 (see figure 3).

The plan for the long-term development of Xinjiang's economy provides for expanding the region's transport network for the development of industry and agriculture. By 2015, it is planned to build or reconstruct 68 thousand km of roads, including 7155 km of expressways. The total length of highways will reach 175 thousand km compared to the current 150 thousand km. All cities and 90% of counties are planned to be connected by a railway network. By 2015, 22 airports will be operational against the current 16.

Xinjiang is also planned to be turned into the main base of wheat and cotton production in the country.

INVESTMENT DEVOURS CONSUMPTION

The accelerated growth of Xinjiang's economy is largely driven by extremely large investments in fixed assets. Due to the decision to accelerate the growth of Xinjiang's economy since 2009.

Figure 4. RVP created at the enterprises of PUK PLA, 2005-2011

Source: Xinjiang shengchan jianshe bingtuan (Xinjiang Industrial and Construction Building). Tab. 2 - 1, 2 - 4 - http://baike.baidu.com/view/ 38528.htm

The share of capital investments in RVs has started to grow. As in the country's GDP as a whole, they now account for more than half of the RVP. Nowhere else in the world is such a huge amount of capital investment allocated for the development of the economy.

The use of fixed capital investments as the main lever for accelerated economic growth determines the limitation of funds for improving the standard of living of the population. As in other regions of China, Xinjiang is most affected by the rural population, most of which is made up of national minorities.

ARMY ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

The People's Liberation Army Industrial and Construction Corps (PUK PLA) plays an important role in the economy and social life of Xinjiang. As noted at the 3rd China-Eurasia Trade Fair, "the industrial and construction corps plays an indispensable role in supporting the development of Xinjiang." ¹⁹

The PUK is characterized in China as "army-armed police-corps-population"²⁰ (emphasis added). This is a specific formation: a kind of state within a state. The PUK is a powerful industrial organization and at the same time the main tool for suppressing extremism, terrorism and separatism. In each of the 11 national autonomous regions of the XUAR, there are parts or subdivisions of the PUK.

The importance of the corps in China's political, economic, and social life is emphasized by the fact that the PUK delegation is present at national meetings (including CPC congresses) at the same time as the Xinjiang delegation.

In 2011, there were 2,614,000 people in ^the PUK21. It has 13 agricultural and one engineering and construction divisions, 4,454 industrial, 242 construction, 36 transport enterprises, and 1,661 retail establishments. The building has 1,356 medical institutions (hospitals, clinics, sanitary and epidemiological stations, mother and child centers), 4 higher education institutions, 35 general and professional secondary educational institutions, 246 secondary schools

Figure 5. Xinjiang's foreign trade development, 2005-2012

Источник: 2012 Xinjiang tungji nianjian... Tab. 3 - 1; Xinjiang weiuer zizhiqu 2012 nian guomin jingji he shehui fazhan tongji baogao.

and 68 primary schools, ¹⁸ research institutes, radio and television stations, and its own banking system22.

The Corps ' PRTR is growing at a faster rate than Xinjiang's. In 2009, unlike the Xinjiang economy, the PUK did not experience a decline in the growth rate of RVPs. In 2010, it increased by 3.3 percentage points more than the RVP of Xinjiang. In 2011, the growth rate of PUK's RVP was 4% faster. In 2011, UCS accounted for almost ¹⁵% of the XUAR PRTRS23. If we take into account the difference in the number of employees in the XUAR and in the PUK, it is impossible not to note a much higher efficiency of the corps ' economy.

XUAR GRADUALLY GOES "OUTSIDE"

Xinjiang's export orientation gradually began to take shape, despite the fact that the global financial and economic crisis caused great damage to its development.

In 2009 - 2012, the foreign trade turnover of the XUAR increased almost 1.9 times , from $13.8 billion. up to $25.2 billion (see figure 5). Exports account for the lion's share. So, in January-July 2013, this figure reached $10.94 billion. with a total foreign trade volume of $12.53 billion ²⁴.

Central to Xinjiang's business orientation are the neighboring countries of Central Asia. In 2011, Kazakhstan accounted for 46.5% of the foreign trade turnover of the XUAR ($10.65), including about 63% of exports.²⁵ In 2011, Kyrgyzstan accounted for 16.6% of Xinjiang's foreign trade ($3.8 billion), while its exports increased to almost 98%. The share of Tajikistan in the foreign trade of the XUAR in 2011 was 7.5%, Uzbekistan-3.2%²⁶.

70% of Xinjiang's exports to these countries are food, footwear, textiles, clothing, household appliances, etc. Consumer goods produced in other provinces of China are also domestic agricultural ^products27.Gas, oil, and coal account for the lion's share of imports. In addition, chemical fertilizers, cotton, and rolled steel are imported.

Xinjiang is becoming an attractive destination for foreign capital. As of the end of 2011, there were 491 enterprises with foreign capital, as well as capital from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In 2011, the actual scale of foreign investment exceeded $558 million ²⁸, in 2012 - $408 million ²⁹. These investments represent about 0.5% of foreign direct investment in China, but they may indicate the beginning of more active foreign entrepreneurs in Xinjiang.

As for the large companies of the XUAR, they have joined the implementation of the strategy " Go outside!" and we have started to invest both in neighboring countries and in countries that are far from neighboring territories. For example, Xinjiang Hualing, together with a Shanghai-based company, invested $100 million in real estate in Georgia in 2010. In 2011, Xinjiang Goldwind invested $200 million. in alternative energy sources in the United States. In 2012, Xinjiang Hualing acquired a 90% stake in Georgia's Basisbank³⁰.

RESULTS AND NEW PROSPECTS

On September 2-7, 2012, the 2nd China-Eurasia EXPO was held in Urumqi (the capital of XUAR). At the opening ceremony, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivered a report on "Restoring the Greatness of the Great Silk Road" ³¹. As noted above, the Great Silk Road refers to the construction of the China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan railway, which will connect with the Kazakhstan Railway ³². Further, there are options for accessing the European Union through Afghanistan-Iran-Turkey or through Russia and some other CIS countries.

Summing up the results of the work for the period from 2009 to 2012, the Prime Minister, without directly mentioning Afghanistan, outlined the need to prepare for a change in the regional situation in connection with the upcoming withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan in 2014 and the possible seizure of power in this country by the Taliban. He stressed the need for "more decisive measures to comprehensively expand mutually beneficial cooperation in all areas, strengthen the internal driving forces of development in the region in order to better benefit the peoples of all Asian and European countries." ³³

The new strategy of the People's Republic of China in Central Asia can be reduced to the following main tasks::

- accelerate the already rapid development of Xinjiang;

- recognize that the rapid development of the XUAR is "a key factor in ensuring its long-term stability";

- Export-oriented economy of Xinjiang, taking into account the interests of domestic development.

Thus, the Chinese government plans to accelerate the transformation of Xinjiang into a major industrial and agricultural base and significantly expand its foreign economic activities, focused on the growth of China's influence in Central Asia.

The words about the revival of the Great Silk Road acquired a special meaning in connection with Wen Jiabao's statement that "Xinjiang will become an outpost (emphasis added) for the development of mutually beneficial cooperation between China and all countries of Asia and Europe, especially with neighboring states." As a new export-producing area, Xinjiang should be developed to meet the economic interests of both the country's inner regions and neighboring countries.

Wen Jiabao spoke at a time when his term as premier was almost days away. It follows that there is complete unity among the country's top leadership in assessing the situation in this region, as well as regarding China's policy in Central Asia.

After Wen Jiabao's speech, high-level talks were held with the governments of all neighboring countries. The Prime Minister's initiative received support in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan. It was also treated favorably in Iran.

In May 2013, Shi Dagan, Deputy Head of the XUAR Government, said at a press conference that the overall situation in the region remains stable. He did not deny that over the past two years, "there have been problems that have disrupted the social stability of Xinjiang." According to Shi Dagan, it is being undermined by " small terrorist elements, people who sow national division, and representatives of religious extremism." According to him, they exist due to the support of foreign organizations. "To tell you the truth, how can you avoid friction in a society of 20 million people? Sometimes they do occur, but in general, the multiethnic people of Xinjiang hope for stability and harmony, " he said. ³⁴

Thus, Beijing expects that the new development strategy will not only help maintain stability in Xinjiang, but also allow the XUAR to eventually play an important role in the geopolitical and geo-economic changes taking place in Central Asia.

¹ Full text of Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli's address at opening dinner of 2013 Fortune Global Forum - http://news.xinhuanet. com/english/china/2013 - 06/07/c_124824012.htm (7.06.2013)

² In China, participants of the riots that claimed the lives of 24 people were sentenced to death / / ITAR-TASS, 12.09.2013.

³ Xi suggests China, C. Asia build a Silk Road economic belt // Xinhua, 7.09.2013 - http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-09/07/cl 32700695.htm

⁴ Commentary: Greater China-Central Asian cooperation facilitates regional stability, development // Xinhua, 8.09.2013 - http://news. xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013 - 09/08/c_ 132702208.htm

⁵ Xi's Central Asia tour strengthens regional cooperation, Chinese FM says // Xinhua, 13.09.2013 - http://news.xinhuanet.com/ english/china/2013 - 09/14/c_125386880.htm

^{Bodeen Christopher.} 6 Afghanistan backdrop to Xi's Central Asia visit //AP, 2.09.2013.

⁷ China, Kazakhstan sign contracts worth $30 bin // Xinhuanet, 6.09.2013 - http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/video/2013 - 09/08/c_ 132701607.htm; Elizabeth Wishnick. Columbia University, Shairbek Juraev. In Visit to Central Asia Chinese President Shows Off "Silk Road Economic Belt" - www.ponarseurasia.org/article/visit-central-asia-chinese-president-shows-silk-road-economic-belt

⁸ China and Kazakhstan issued a Joint Declaration on Further Deepening of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership / / Xinhua, 7.09.2013 - http://russian.people.com.cn/31519/ 8393044.html

⁹ China in Central Asia. Rising China, Sinking Russia // The Economist, 13.09.2013.

¹⁰ China, Turkmenistan complete first-phase construction of Galkynysh gas field // Xinhua, 4.09.2013 - http://news.xinhuanet.com/ english/china/2013 - 09/04/c_ 132691759.htmlish.news.cn

^{Ng Teddy.} 11 Xi Jinping secures greater security and energy ties with Turkmenistan // South China Morning News, 3.09.2013.

¹² Full text: President Xi's joint written interview with media from Turkmenistan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan // Xinhua, 3.09.2013 - http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-09/03/c_ 132688688.htm

¹³ 2012 Xinjiang tungji nianjian (Statistical Yearbook of Xinjiang, 2012). Table 3 - 1 - http://www.gov.en/wsz.b/zhibo566/ wzsl.htm

1 ⁴ Ibid., tables 3-8.

¹⁵ Large gold deposit explored in Xinjiang -http://www.chinapro.ru/rubrics/l/9274/

¹⁶ Xinjiang's proven natural gas reserves reach 1.4 trillion cubic meters - http://russian.peopledaily.com.cn/31518/6586927.html

¹⁷ 2013 Zhongguo tongji zhaiyao (China Statistical abstract) // China Statistics Press. Beijing, 2013. P. 49, 52.

¹⁸ 2012 Xinjiang tungji nianjian ... Tables 4-5.

¹⁹ http://www.gov.cn/wszb/zhibo566/wzsl.htm

²⁰ Xinjiang shengchan jianshe bingtuan (Xinjiang Industrial and Construction Building) - http://baike.baidu.com/view/ 38528.htm

²¹ 2012 Xinjiang shengchan jianshe bingtuan tongji nianjian (Statistical Yearbook of the Xinjiang Industrial and Construction Corps, 2012). Tab. 1 - 3.

²² Ibidem.

²³ Ibid.

²⁴ Xinhua, 15.08.2013 - http://english.cri.cn/6826/2013/08/15/ 2743s782295.htm

²⁵ 2012 Xinjiang tungji nianjian... Tab. 5 - 1, 5 - 3.

²⁶ Ibid.

²⁷ Features of Xinjiang border Trade development-http://russian.china.org.cn/russian/153391.htm

²⁸ 2012 Xinjiang tungji nianjian... Tab. 5 - 8.

²⁹ Xinjiang weiuer zizhiqu 2012 nian guomin jingji he shehui fazhan tongji baogao (Statistical Communique on the National Economic and Social Development of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2012) - http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/stats_info/tjgb/13311611 12816.html

³⁰ Based on accounting for Chinese foreign investment exceeding $100 million. A summary of the observations is published by The Heritage Foundation - http://www.heritage.org

³¹ Wen Jiabao delivered a speech at the opening of the 2nd China - Eurasia EXPO and the Forum on China-Eurasia Development and Cooperation - http://russian.news.cn/ djssiers/2012 - 09/03/with 131823519.htm

³² China plans to build a direct Central Asian Railway by 2010 - http://russian. peopledaily.com.en/31518/6537132.html

³³ Wen Jiabao: Development of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is the key to stability - http://russian.news.cn/china/2012-09/06/c_131830952.htm

³⁴ http://www.gov.cn/wszb/zhibo566/wzsl.htm

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