The source of information for conducting a comparative analysis of the marriage structure of Sagay residents was the data from the archives of district civil registry offices on the conclusion of marriages (Table 3). The frequency of single-national marriages in all three generations (1940s, 1970s, 2000s) among Sagay residents of Askiz district is higher than among Sagay residents of Tashtyp district: 1940s-T = 3.93; p < 0.001; 1970s-T = 2.56; p < 0.05; 2000s-T = 6.06; p < 0.001. Differences in the level of mestizo population are probably due to the fact that there is no concentration of indigenous population in the Askiz district. the population is almost 3 times higher than in Tashtyp (31.6 and 11.9%, respectively). Thus, the features of the marriage structure and the intensity of interethnic mixing processes of the Tashtyp Sagay people are determined by the relatively small number and mixed composition of the indigenous population (Sagay, Kachin, Abakan

Table 3. Structure of marriages and intensity of mestizo breeding in local populations of ethnic-local groups of Khakass-Sagay* and Kachin * *

*According to the Registry Office departments.

**According to household books.

Shortsy) against the background of the numerical predominance of the alien, mainly Russian, population.

A total of 5,338 records (1,896, 2,086, and 1,356, respectively) containing information about Kachin people and their family members were copied during a total study of the archives of the Kuibyshev village of the Baysky district, Novomaryasovskaya village of the Or-Dzhonikidze district, and Spirinskaya village of the Shirinsky District of the Republic of Khakassia. There were no statistically significant differences in the marriage structure of local Kachin populations during the study period (1940-2009). Nevertheless, when comparing the obtained estimates of the frequency of single-national, mixed marriages and the indicator of mestizo in three local populations of Kachin people - Bay, Ordzhonikidze and Shirin-some differences were traced. Among the Kachin people of the 2000s generation, the highest frequency of interethnic marriages was observed in the Bey district, and in the 1970s generation-in Ordzhonikidze district. The frequency of single-ethnic marriages among Kachin people in the Shirinsky district is slightly higher than in the Bey and Ordzhonikidze districts over the entire period studied.

The modern range of the Shors covers the southern part of the Kemerovo region - the territories of the Tashtagolsky, Novokuznetsk, and Mezhdurechensky districts. According to the "List of places of compact residence and traditional economic activity of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Russian Federation" [Decree...The Abakan Shors live compactly in the territories of the Balyksa rural district, the Biskamzhinsky rural district of the Askizsky district, the Anchul and Matursky rural districts of the Tashtypsky District of the Republic of Khakassia. However, the analysis of genealogical maps of Shors living in the territories of Balyksa rural settlement and Biskamzhinskaya rural settlement of Askiz district showed that more than 60 % of respondents are first - or third-generation immigrants from the Kemerovo region. Based on the obtained data, it was concluded that the study of the Shor population of these territories in the context of the analysis of the marriage structure of the Abakan Shors does not seem appropriate.

In preparing this work, a total of 8,033 records (3,147, 1,699, 2,520, and 667,respectively) were copied from the archives of the Ust-Anzassky, Kyzyl-Shor, and Ust-Kabyrzinsky territorial administrations (TU) of the Tashtagolsky district of the Kemerovo Region and the Matursky rural settlement of the Tashtypsky District of the Republic of Khakassia. containing information about Shor families. In all periods (1940s, 1970s, 2000s) in local subpopulations of the Shors of the Mountain Taiga region

See Table 4. Structure of marriages and intensity of mestizo breeding in local populations of ethnolocal groups of Shors of the mountain taiga zone and Abakan*

*According to household books.

In contrast to the Abakan Shors, single-ethnic marriages predominate in the Kemerovo region (Table 4). However, an analysis of the dynamics of such marriages has shown a steady decline in their frequency over several generations.

The highest frequency of single-ethnic marriages was found among the Shors of the settlements of Ust-Anzassky TU, which are located 120 km from the district center of Tashtagola, in the mountain-taiga zone. The central villages of Ust-Kabyrzinsky and Kyzyl-Shorsky TU are located at a closer distance (65 and 32 km, respectively). from the district center. The relative isolation of the Shors of the Ust-Anzas territorial administration apparently causes a lower frequency of interethnic marriages among them, compared with the groups of Kyzylshor, Ust-Kabyrzinsky and Mathur Abakan Shors: 1940s-T = 2.04; p < 0.05; T = 2.80; p < 0.01 and T = 3.54; p < 0.001; 1970's-T = 3.40; p < 0.001; T = 3.16; p < 0.01 and T = 2.87; p < 0.01; 2000's-T = 2.83; p < 0.01; T = 3.54; p < 0.001 and T = 4.81; p < 0.001. As for the Abakan Shors, the high level of interethnic marriages among them can be explained by the small size of the group in the Republic of Khakassia (1,150 people, or 0.22 % of the population of the republic)and the dense non-ethnic environment with a predominance of Khakas.

Based on the analysis of the metisation index at the present stage, its highest values were found in the northern Altaians (see Table 1). In less than a generation (in 15 years), 50% of Soltonek Kumandins and Ynyrgin Tubalars will carry "foreign" genes in their genome (t = 0.50). Similar mestizo rates were obtained for the Matura Abakan Shors (t = 0.92; 27.6 years) (see Table 4). The Tashtypek Sagais (t = 1.1; 33 years) and the Bay Kachin (t = 1.2; 36 years; see Table 3) are next in this series. , then the mestizoation processes occurring in their environment are less active. Telengites of the Ulagan district have the highest rate of mestizo at the present stage (t = 1.9; 57 years; see Table). 2), although it is almost 2 times lower than that of other local populations of indigenous peoples of the Sayano-Altai studied.

Interethnic differences in the structure of marriages and the intensity of mestizoism

Analysis of the structure of marriages and features of interethnic mixing of indigenous peoples of the Northern Altai for three generations (1940s, 1970s, 2000s) showed that the frequency of single-ethnic marriages among Kumandins, Tubalars, and Chelkans is low (Table 1). 5), and the structure of interethnic marriages is dominated by marriages with foreign peoples (type 1). An extremely low level of single-ethnic marriages is noted among Kumandins, who are characterized by intensive and deep processes of mestizoization due to marriages with the alien Russian-speaking population.-

See Table 5. Dynamics of marriage structure indicators in populations of Altaians, Telengites, Kumandins, Tubalars, Chelkans, Khakas and Shors*

*According to the Registry Office departments.

** N - total number of marriages.

In the population of Chelkans, the frequency of single-national marriages decreased almost 3-fold during the studied period (from 42.86 % in the 1940s to 15.63 % in the 2000s, p < 0.05). Interethnic marriages (type 1) reach a high level by the 2000s (65.62 %, p < 0.05), and the frequency of interethnic marriages of type 2 varies between generations in the range of 18-24 %. Tubalars currently have the highest frequency of single-ethnic marriages among the indigenous peoples of the Northern Altai, but it also does not exceed 30 %. Interethnic marriages (type 1) account for almost half of the total structure of marriages among Tubalars, and type 2 marriages are comparable in prevalence to those of Kumandins and Chelkans.

Among the Altai-Kizhi and Telengit peoples, there was a statistically significant increase in single-ethnic marriages among the generations of the 1940s, 1970s, and 2000s (p < 0.05; Table 5). The structure of interethnic marriages among these peoples is dominated by marriages with an alien population (Type 1). However, their frequency in the generation of the 2000s is statistically significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the generation of the 1940s, and today it does not exceed 15% in both peoples. Interethnic marriages with representatives of other autochthonous peoples of the region (type 2) among the Altai-Kizhi and Telengites in the 1940s were registered with a very low frequency (approx. 3 %); in the 1970s, they were registered with a very low frequency. they became more widespread (10-15 %), and in the 2000s their frequency decreased again. However, at present, Telengit marriages of this type are almost 2.5 times more common than in Altai-Kizhi.

Among the ethnic-local groups of Khakass-Kachin, Koibal, Kyzyl, and Sagai-a high level of single-ethnic marriages is currently observed only in the Sagai population (67.48 %; Table 5). Differences in the structure of Sagai marriages when comparing generations of the 1940s, 1970s, and 2000s are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among interethnic marriages among Sagay residents, marriages with the alien population of the Republic of Khakassia are in the lead (28.02 %). The frequency of marriages with representatives of other ethnic-local groups of Khakass is low and does not reach 5 %. The anthroponymy (fund of surnames) of modern Sagay people includes more than 70 % of surnames that go back to the Beltyr and Biryusin genera [Lavryashina, 2012, p. 38].

The remaining ethnic-local groups of the Khakass are characterized by a very high degree of mestizoization, but at the same time they are at different stages of assimilation by alien peoples (Table 5). The processes of mestizoization are most profound and intense among the Koibals and Kyzyl people. However, while the main share of interethnic marriages among the Koibals is accounted for by marriages with other ethnic-local groups of the Khakass people, a significant share (55.0 %) among the Kyzyl people belongs to marriages with the alien population of Khakassia.

The Kachin people in the 1940s generation have a relatively high frequency of single-ethnic marriages (55.14 %), but in the 2000s generation it does not even reach 10% in the overall structure of marriages. This group has almost 60% marriages with representatives of other ethnic - local groups of Khakas (type 2) and more than 30% - with the alien (mainly Russian) population (type 1). The revealed differences in the frequency of same-and interethnic marriages among Kachin people in a number of generations are statistically significant (p < 0.05).

The Shors also showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the frequency of uni-ethnic and inter-ethnic marriages in the three generations studied (1940s, 1970s, 2000s). As expected, the Abakan Shors have a very high level of inter-ethnic mixing, both due to marriages with an alien population (type 1) the frequency of which in the studied period varies within 20-30 %, and due to interethnic mixing with the Khakas (type 2).

Among the Shors of the mountain taiga zone of the Kemerovo region, the frequency of single-ethnic marriages has been steadily decreasing in the generations of the 1940s, 1970s, and 2000s, but in the generation of the 2000s it remains relatively high (48.20%), compared to other ethnic communities of the Sayan-Altai region. G. M. Patrusheva (1996) reports a significant increase in interethnic marriages among the Shors, which occurred in the early 1970s. Among interethnic marriages, marriages with foreign populations are more widespread (type 1). The frequency of marriages with other indigenous peoples of the Sayan-Altai region (type 2) does not exceed 7 %. This structure of interethnic marriages of the Shors of the mountain taiga zone of the Kemerovo region is explained by the fact that the main environment of the group consists of alien peoples.

An analysis of the values of the index of ethnic marital assortativeness (A') showed that ethnicity affects the marriage preferences of Altai-Kizhi, Telengit and Khakass-Sagai people (Table 5). In all the studied intervals (1940s, 1970s, 2000s), they entered into mostly endogamous marriages. Among the Khakass-Koibal and Kyzyl peoples, the A' value is minimal among the autochthonous peoples of the Sayan-Altai studied (Table 1). 5), in the population of Kumandins of the generation of the 2000s, no single-ethnic marriages were detected. The highest values of A' with a tendency to increase in a number of generations were found in the Khakas Sagai, Telengit and Altai-Kizhi. The Shors of the mountain taiga zone of the Kemerovo region, the Abakan Shors, and the Tubalars have relatively high mating assortativeness, despite a significant decline, in the generation of the 2000s. As for the Kumandin, Khakass-Koibal and Kyzyl residents, the research was carried out in the following areas:

structures of their marriages in 1940-2009, the process of mestizoization was recorded, which tends to increase in intensity.

Conclusions

The study of territorial and interethnic differences in the structure of marriages of indigenous peoples of the Sayano-Altai region revealed different degrees of homogeneity. Interethnic mixing processes are observed in all the studied communities; their intensity is determined by a combination of factors (historical, administrative-political, socio-cultural, etc.). The most profound mestizo processes were observed in the indigenous peoples of the Northern Altai and Khakassia. Kumandin and Khakass people are historically characterized by the prevalence of interethnic marriages. Thus, already at the beginning of the XX century, A. I. Yarkho noted a strong mixing of Kumandins with the alien Russian population [1947]. According to the economic books of the 1930s-1970s. Among the indigenous population, the number of mixed marriages steadily increased; sometimes they accounted for more than 50 % of the total number of marriages [Nikolaev, 2012, p.74-75]. An analysis of the official demographic statistics of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the first half of the 20th century makes it possible to estimate the frequency of interethnic marriages among urban (24.7 %) and rural (12.2 %) Khakass people and to state that in the 1920s - 1940s it was 2 times higher than the all-Union indicators [Barantseva, 2008, p. 20].

The study of the ethnic specifics of the structure of marriages among the indigenous peoples of the Sayano-Altai revealed a decrease in the frequency of single-ethnic marriages in almost all the studied communities, with the exception of the southern Altaians and Khakass-Sagais, with an increase in interethnic marriages. This indicates an increase in the processes of mestizoization of the autochthonous population and is reflected in the dynamics of indicators of the intensity of mestizoization and ethnic marital assortativeness. An increase in the rate of interethnic mixing in 1940-2009 was observed among the majority of indigenous peoples of the Sayan-Altai region. Such processes determine the qualitative characteristics of the human potential of the region and form trends in the development of the ethno-demographic situation in the near future.

Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere gratitude to the heads and specialists of district departments and regional departments, regional and republican Civil Registry Office committees, as well as to the heads and specialists of district, regional, regional and republican administrations for their invaluable assistance in organizing and conducting the study in Krasnogorsk and Solton districts of the Altai Territory, Askizsky, Bey, Ordzhonikidzevsky, Tashtypsky and Shirinsky districts- territories of the Republic of Khakassia, Kosh-Agach, Ongudai, Turochak, Ulagan and Choi districts of the Altai Republic, Tashtagolsky district of the Kemerovo region.

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The article was submitted to the Editorial Board on 21.09.12, and the final version was published on 01.10.12.

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