E. M. ASTAFIEVA
Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Singapore, corruption, Anti-corruption law, Anti-Corruption Bureau, civil servants ' pay increase program, administrative management optimization program
Southeast Asia is the most dynamically developing region in the world1. However, most countries in the region face serious challenges related to the harmful impact of corruption on governance efficiency, social structure and economic development. As many experts point out, "as a feature of the Asian way of life, corruption distorts the decision-making process"2 and "directly affects the lives and well-being of billions of people and thousands of organizations"3.
And only one country in the region, Singapore, has finally managed to defeat corruption. It took her more than 40 years. But at the same time, it managed not only to avoid mass shootings of officials, as in China, but even to do without particularly harsh repression.
To solve the problem of corruption, States develop various approaches, within which three main models can be distinguished. The first model involves the adoption of anti-corruption laws without the creation of specialized agencies to enforce these laws, i.e., anti-corruption is carried out by the police, the Prosecutor General's Office and the courts.4 The second model implements anti-corruption laws through a network of anti-corruption agencies. For example, in India, the Anti-Corruption Law is implemented by the Central Bureau of Investigation, the Central Vigilance Commission, and state-level anti-corruption bureaus and vigilance commissions.5 The same model applies to the Philippines, where the fight against corruption was carried out through 18 anti-corruption committees, after the establishment in 1950. Integrity Council 6.
The third model was initiated in Singapore when the Anti-Corruption Bureau (CBI) was established in October 1952. Malaysia followed Singapore's example by forming the Anti-Corrup ...
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